Association of potent inflammatory Cytokine and Oxidative DNA Damage Biomarkers in Stomach cancer patients

تحفز الإصابة بالبكتيريا الحلزونية سلسلة إشارات تؤدي إلى إنتاج السيتوكينات وتسبب الإجهاد التأكسدي، الذي يشارك في الاستجابة الالتهابية المزمنة التي تؤدي إلى الإصابة بسرطان المعدة. تنتج أنواع الأكسجين التفاعلية (ROS). 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) منتج متلف الحمض النووي المؤكسد المستمر. الغرض من الدراسة هو تقييم الارتباط بين مستويات السيتوكينات الالتهابية ووجود تلف الحمض النووي المؤكسد في مرضى المصابين بسرطان المعدة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم إجراء تقييم للقيمة التشخيصية والإنذارية لتلف الحمض النووي المؤكسد والمؤشرات الحيوية السيتوكينية الالتهابية لسرطان المعدة. أجريت الدراسة على مرضى سرطان المعدة الذين تم تشخيصهم طبيا قبل اخذ العلاج. حيث تم اختيار 33 مريضا من المصابين بسرطان المعدة وتقسيمهم إلى المراحل الأولى والثانية والثالثة وفقا لعلم الأمراض السريرية، و32 فردا من الأشخاص الأصحاء المتطابقين مع العمر كمجموعة ضابطة. تم قياس مستوى كل من (8-OHdG)، السيتوكينات (IL-6، TNF-α،IFN-γ, CEA). أظهرت النتائج ارتفاعً بشكل ملحوظ (P<0.0001) في مستويات الدم كل من 8-OHdG وTNF-α وIFN-γ ارتفاعً بشكل غير ملحوظ (IL-6) (P=0.4747) في مرضى GC بالمقارنة بالمجموعة ضابطة، مع زيادة المستويات تدريجياً مع تقدم مراحل المرض. علاوة على ذلك، كان هناك ارتباط إيجابي ضئيل (P=0.3472) (r=0.12 بين مستويات 8-OHdG وIL-6، وارتباط إيجابي ملحوظ (P<0.0001) (r=0.7235) بين مستويات 8-OHdG, TNF-α, CEA,. في مرضى سرطان المعدة ومع ذلك، كان هناك ارتباط سلبي ضئيل (P= 0.6342) (r=-0.06559) بين مستويات 8-OHdG وIFN-γ. تظهر نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود صلة قوية بين مستويات مصل 8-OHdG والسيتوكينات الالتهابية في مرضى GC. تشير الزيادة المعنوية في تلف الحمض النووي المؤكسد والمؤشرات الحيوية للسيتوكينات الالتهابي وCEA في الدم إلى أن الإجهاد التأكسدي والالتهاب المزمن متضمنان في تسرطن المعدة. تهدف هذه الملاحظات إلى أن 8-OHdG وTNF-α وIFN-γ هي مؤشرات حيوية قابلة للتطبيق لتشخيص ورم المعدة.The infection with H. Pylori stimulates a signaling cascade that causes the generation of Cytokines and provokes Oxidative stress that is involved in the chronic inflammatory response leads to Gastric cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produce 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the persistent oxidative DNA damage product. The study objective was to assess if there was a link between inflammatory cytokine levels and the presence of Oxidative DNA damage in Gastric tumor patients. In addition, evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic value of Oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory cytokine biomarkers for Stomach cancers is being conducted. The study was accomplished on medically diagnosed Stomach cancer patients before any form of treatment. A total of 33 patients with Gastric cancers were selected and divided into Stages I, II, and III according to clinical pathology, and 32 age-matched healthy subjects as a control group. The Serum 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ & CEA were evaluated. The results revealed a highly significant rise (P<0.0001) in blood levels of 8-OHdG, TNF-α, & IFN-γ, and a non-significant (P=0.4747) increasing in IL-6 in GC patients compared to Controls, with levels gradually increasing as disease stages progressed. Furthermore, in GC patients, there was an insignificant (P=0.3472) positive correlation (r=0.1292) among 8-OHdG, IL-6, and CEA levels, but a noteworthy (P<0.0001) positive correlation (r=0.7235) among 8-OHdG, TNF-α, and CEA levels. In GC patients, however, there was an insignificant (P=0.6342) negative correlation (r=-0.06559) among 8-OHdG, IFN-γ, and CEA levels. The results of the current study show a strong link between serum levels of the 8-OHdG as well as inflammatory cytokines in GC patients. The significant enhancement in oxidative DNA damage, as well as overexpression of inflammatory cytokine biomarkers and CEA in the blood suggests that Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are included in GC carcinogenesis. These observations suggest that 8-OHdG, TNF-α, & IFN-γ are viable biomarkers for the Gastric tumor prediction

Steroid Hormones, Immunoglobulins and Some Biochemical Parameters Changes in Patients with Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is one of the diseases that a woman may have to face during her lifetime. Hormones play a role in breast cancer spread, determining the association between plasma hormones and breast cancer risk may provide insight into the etiology of breast cancer.   Objective: To evaluate the use of sex steroid hormone levels with some biochemical parameters as a serum tumor marker in patients with breast cancer.        Materials and Methods: Two groups of subjects were included, 50 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of Breast Cancer (group I) and 40 healthy female (group II) the age range was (35-70) years were collected from Rizgary hospital and Nanakaly hospital, in Erbil city, Iraq. During the period from May 2015 till November 2015. The measured biochemical parameters included: the level of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone hormones, some immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM), also ferritin, sodium and calcium ions levels have been measured in the study. Results: The results demonstrated significantly high values of steroid hormones (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.002, p<0.05, p<0.05 (estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone) and significantly high values in immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM in breast cancer in comparison with control group. There were also high values of sera ferritin, sodium, and calcium in women breast cancer in comparison with control group. Conclusion: An elevation of serum steroid hormone, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), Na, and Ca levels in cases of carcinoma breast in our study is signifies, and its importance as a marker of the disease. A serial measurement of these steroid hormones and with some biochemical parameters will have a prognostic significance and help treatment decisions

The role of Adipocytokines, Vitamin D, and C in Colorectal Cancer

يعد سرطان القولون و المستقيم ثالث أكثر الأورام الخبيثة انتشارًا في العالم ورابع أكثر أنواع السرطانات شيوعًا في العراق. اللبتين و الأديبونكتين هما نوعان من السيتوكينات الشحمية الرئيسية التي تنتجها الخلايا الدهنية التي لها تأثيرات معاكسة على تكوين أورام القولون والمستقيم. اللبتين يحفز نمو الورم وانتشاره، بينما الأديبونكتين يمنع نمو الورم. ١،٢٥- ديهيدروكسي فيتامين د يتحكم ويحد من تكاثر الخلايا السرطانية والتمايز والبقاء على قيد الحياة. من ناحية أخرى، تم اكتشاف نقص فيتامين سي بانتظام في الأنسجة السرطانية وله خصائص قوية مضادة للسرطان. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم التأثير الكيميائي الحيوي لمستويات أديبوسيتوكينات (اللبتين والأديبونكتين) في الدورة الدموية، وكذلك التأثيرات المضادة للسرطان لفيتامينات د وسي في مرضى سرطان القولون و المستقيم العراقيين. يركز البحث على الحالات المؤكدة المصابة بسرطان القولون والمستقيم الذين شوهدوا في مستشفى ناناكالي لأمراض الدم والسرطان في أربيل قبل جلسات العلاج. تم تشخيص ٣٥ مريضا المؤكد إصابتهم بسرطان القولون و المستقيم و ٣٦ شخصا من الاصحاء كمجموعة ضابطة المتطابقين من العمر والجنس و مؤشر كتلة الجسم. تم استخدام تقنية إليزأ لقياس مستويات اللبتين، الأديبونكتين، فيتامين د وفيتامين سي في المصل. أظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية (ف القيمة&lt;0,001) في مستوى الأديبونكتين (١،٥٩±١٢،٠٦) في دم المصابين بسرطان القولون و المستقيم بالنسبة إلى مستوياته في مجموعة ضابطة (٩٦، ٠± ٠٥، ٢). على العكس من ذلك، كان مستوى اللبتين في المصل أقل بشكل ملحوظ(ف القيمة&lt;0,098) في مرضى سرطان القولون والمستقيم (٢،٩٢±٢٤،٠٩)مقارنة بمجموعة الضوابط (٥٤ ،١±٨٤ ،٥٣). علاوة على ذلك، كانت مستويات فيتامين د في الدم (١٣،١٤ ± ١،٢١) و فيتامين سي (١،٠٣ ± ٠،١)  في مرضى سرطان القولون و المستقيم أقل بشكل ملحوظ (ف القيمة&lt;0,001) مقارنة بمجموعة الضوابط (٢٤،٤٩ ± ١،٤٧ &amp; ٥،٧٨ ± ٢،١٦)، على التوالي. وتشير نتائج الدراسة الحالية إلى دور كيميائي حيوي الحتمي لـأديبوسيتوكينات (اللبتين و الأديبونكتين) و خلل الأنسجة الدهنية في التسبب في مرضى سرطان القولون و المستقيم. إلى جانب ذلك، فإن انخفاض مستويات فيتامين د و سي في المصل يضعف آثارهما القوية المضادة للأورام ويسمح بالبقاء على قيد الحياة وتطور الأورام الخبيثة في القولون والمستقيم. وكما أن نتائج الدراسة الحالية تظهر أن (اللبتين والأديبونكتين) عوامل تنبؤية وخطورة قوية لمرض سرطان القولون والمستقيم. بالإضافة إلى أن نقص فيتامين د وفيتامين سي يعتبر من عوامل الخطر الرئيسية بين مرضى سرطان القولون والمستقيم العراقيين.Colorectal cancer is the world's 3rd most frequent malignant neoplasm and the 4th most common cancer in Iraq. Leptin and Adiponectin are two major Adipocytokines produced by adipose cells that have opposite effects on the formation of colorectal tumors. Leptin induces tumor growth and metastasis, whereas Adiponectin inhibits it. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D controls and limits cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Vitamin C deficiency, on the other hand, has been regularly detected in cancer tissues and has potent anti-cancer properties. The purpose of this study was to look at the biochemical role of circulatory Adipocytokine levels (Adiponectin and Leptin) as well as the anti-cancer potentials of Vitamin D and C in CRC patients from Iraq. The research looked at confirmed cases of CRC who were seen at Nanakali Hospital for Blood diseases and Cancer in Erbil before their treatment sessions. A total of 35 patients with confirmed CRC cases and 36 healthy participants who were age, gender, and BMI matched were recruited. ELISA technique was used to quantify serum levels of Adiponectin, Leptin, Vitamin D, &amp; C. The results showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.0001) of serum Adiponectin levels (12.06±1.59) in CRC patients relative to the controls (2.05±0.96). On the contrary, the serum Leptin levels (24.09±2.92) were non-significantly lower (P=0.098) in CRC patients in comparison to controls (53.84±1.54). Furthermore, serum Vitamin D (13.14±1.21) and Vitamin C (1.03±0.10) levels in CRC patients were significantly lower (P&lt;0.0001) when compared to controls (24.49±1.47, 5.78±2.16), respectively. The findings in the current study suggest an imperative biochemical role of Adipocytokines (Adiponectin and Leptin) and Adipose tissue dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CRC patients. Furthermore, decreased serum levels of Vitamin D and C reduce their effective anti-cancer effects, allowing Colorectal malignant neoplasms to survive and develop. Thus, the present study findings suggest Adiponectin and Leptin as potent prognostic and risk factors of CRCs. Also, Vitamin D and C deficiencies are the major risk factors among Iraqi CRC patients

Association of potent inflammatory Cytokine and Oxidative DNA Damage Biomarkers in Stomach cancer patients

The infection with H. Pylori stimulates a signaling cascade that causes the generation of Cytokines and provokes Oxidative stress that is involved in the chronic inflammatory response leads to Gastric cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produce 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the persistent oxidative DNA damage product. The study objective was to assess if there was a link between inflammatory cytokine levels and the presence of Oxidative DNA damage in Gastric tumor patients. In addition, evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic value of Oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory cytokine biomarkers for Stomach cancers is being conducted. The study was accomplished on medically diagnosed Stomach cancer patients before any form of treatment. A total of 33 patients with Gastric cancers were selected and divided into Stages I, II, and III according to clinical pathology, and 32 age-matched healthy subjects as a control group. The Serum 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ &amp; CEA were evaluated. The results revealed a highly significant rise (P&lt;0.0001) in blood levels of 8-OHdG, TNF-α, &amp; IFN-γ, and a non-significant (P=0.4747) increasing in IL-6 in GC patients compared to Controls, with levels gradually increasing as disease stages progressed. Furthermore, in GC patients, there was an insignificant (P=0.3472) positive correlation (r=0.1292) among 8-OHdG, IL-6, and CEA levels, but a noteworthy (P&lt;0.0001) positive correlation (r=0.7235) among 8-OHdG, TNF-α, and CEA levels. In GC patients, however, there was an insignificant (P=0.6342) negative correlation (r=-0.06559) among 8-OHdG, IFN-γ, and CEA levels. The results of the current study show a strong link between serum levels of the 8-OHdG as well as inflammatory cytokines in GC patients. The significant enhancement in oxidative DNA damage, as well as overexpression of inflammatory cytokine biomarkers and CEA in the blood suggests that Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are included in GC carcinogenesis. These observations suggest that 8-OHdG, TNF-α, &amp; IFN-γ are viable biomarkers for the Gastric tumor prediction.</jats:p

Investigation of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Homocysteine (Hcy) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in sera of patients with Angina Pectoris

Homocysteine (Hcy) has been considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD Oxidative stress and free radicals are known to have important roles in the development ofAngina Pectoris. Oxidative stress is present in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for these diseases, may play a role in inducing production of oxygen free radicals. The aim of this study was to determine a possible relationship between blood serum Hcy levels and lipid peroxidation in patients suffering from Angina Pectoris (AP).To evaluate the possible role of homocysteine (Hcy) in inducing oxidative stress in Angina Pectoris(AP), plasma homocysteine( Hcy), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 60 unstable Angina Pectoris patients, we tested 30 healthy volunteers. Hcy was measured by an enzymatic colorimetric method and MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation, by spectrophotometer. Serum Hcy levels were significantly higher in angina pectories (AP) patients than the controls (23.2±8.0 vs 10.76 ± 2.55 micromol/L;

Exploring some pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines as novel biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome

Non-communicable diseases are more likely to affect women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), in particular, mostly ascribed to the existence of low-grade chronic inflammation brought on by adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Angiopoietin-2, lipocalin-2, adipsin, and interleukin (IL)-22 concentrations in women with PCOS were assessed in this study, and their levels were compared to those in a healthy control group. Blood samples were obtained from outpatient and private gynecological clinics, as well as primary healthcare settings, from 55 women diagnosed with PCOS and 35 healthy control women. The serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The data revealed that serum concentrations of angiopoietin-2, lipocalin-2, adipsin, and IL-22 were markedly increased in the PCOS cohort relative to the control cohort. Lipocalin-2 revealed a substantial positive correlation with adipsin, angiopoietin-2, and IL-22; likewise, angiopoietin-2 revealed a large positive correlation with adipsin and IL-22. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that both lipocalin-2 and adipsin exhibited enhanced diagnostic efficacy for PCOS [area under the curve (AUC)=0.8518; AUC=0.8103, respectively], while angiopoietin-2 and IL-22 demonstrated moderate diagnostic significance for PCOS (AUC=0.7476; AUC=0.7340, respectively). Proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines showed significant diagnostic potential for identifying PCOS and may serve as markers for screening, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy for PCOS. These results suggest that lipocalin-2, adipsin, angiopoietin-2, and IL-22 could be utilized as biomarkers for assessing the risk of PCOS

The potential value of some adipokines and cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer

Background: The role of Adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines is said to be crucial in the development of prostate cancer. Vaspin, Chemerin, Omentin, Interleukins IL-1β, interleukin-8 (IL8), Colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) have all been proven to take part in tumor growth and progression