3 research outputs found
Primary tubercular caecal perforation: a rare clinical entity
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Intestinal tuberculosis is a common problem in endemic areas, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. An isolated primary caecal perforation of tubercular origin is exceptionally uncommon.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 39 year old male who presented with features of perforation peritonitis, which on laparotomy revealed a caecal perforation with a dusky appendix. A standard right hemicolectomy with ileostomy and peritoneal toileting was done. Histopathology revealed multiple transmural caseating granulomas with Langerhans-type giant cells and acid-fast bacilli, consistent with tuberculosis, present only in the caecum.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We report this extremely rare presentation of primary caecal tuberculosis to sensitize the medical fraternity to its rare occurrence, which will be of paramount importance owing to the increasing incidence of tuberculosis all over the world, especially among the developing countries.</p
Estimation of BCL-2 protein in carcinoma of the breast and its clinical correlation in locally advanced breast cancer
The change in expression of apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bax proteins)
brought about by various chemotherapeutic regimens is being used for
its predictive value for assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
(NACT) in locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC). Aims: (1)
Estimation of Bcl 2 expression in LABC, (2) Any change in Bcl 2
expression following chemotherapy in LABC, (3) Any relation of Bcl 2
estimation to changes in size of tumor, nodal status, age, and
menopausal status. Settings and Design: This was a prospective study of
120 cases of LABC. Materials and Methods: All cases were subjected to
biopsy and the tissue was evaluated immunohistochemically for apoptotic
marker Bcl-2 family protein. Three cycles of NACT were given at
three-weekly intervals. Modified radical mastectomy was performed and
the specimens were re-evaluated for any change in the Bcl-2 family
protein. The clinical response and immunohistochemical response were
correlated and compared. Statistical Analysis: Coefficient of
correlation was calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient
(P-value). Results: Clinical response, as measured by reduction in the
tumor size, was observed in 81 (67.5%) patients while
immunohistochemical response was observed in 67 (55.8%) patients.
Correlation between immunohistochemical and clinical response was found
to be statistically significant (P = 0.02). Nodal response was seen in
72 (60%) patients. There were no patients in the N o group; 22 (53.7%)
of the N 1 patients were down-staged to N o , while 19 (46.3%) remained
N 1 . In patients with N 2 disease, 11 (13.9%) were down-staged to N o
status, 39 (49.4%) were down-staged to N 1 status, and 29 (36.7%) did
not show any response. Immunohistochemical response was observed in 67
(55.8%) patients. Correlation between immunohistochemical and nodal
responses was also found to be statistically significant (P = 0.03).
Conclusions: This significant positive correlation between clinical and
immunohistochemical responses highlights the importance of apoptotic
marker Bcl-2 family protein in predicting the response of LABC to NACT