The Influence of Anton Chekhov on Samuel Beckett: Inaction and Investment of Hope Into Godot-like Figures in Three Sisters and Waiting for Godot

Anton Chekhov has been very much influential on modern drama, especially on the Theatre of the Absurd; however, not much work has been done on his influence on the absurdist playwrights. Considering Harold Bloom's definition of ‘influence'—writing “much like” someone in the past—the seminal influence of Chekhov on Beckett is studied in this article. Chekhov in his plays, especially his major plays, very much like Beckett's waiting for Godot, portrays people who are passively waiting and investing their entire hope into Godot-like figures without taking any action. Thus, the sense of ennui, desperation and consequently disappointment of these characters originates from their unreasonable inaction, stagnancy and their passivity while waiting, rather than ‘waiting for Godot figures'. This article tries to show the influence of Chekhov on Samuel Beckett, investigating the similarities in form, atmosphere and theme between Waiting for Godot, the paradigm of the Theatre of the Absurd, and Three Sisters, one of Chekhov's major play

Linking value, confirmation and satisfaction to predict behavioural intention : examining alternative models in a service environment

University of Technology, Sydney. UTS Business School.The rapid advancement of the services sector has recently led to significant changes in the global economic structure. Consequently, academic researchers and service practitioners are focusing on better delivery of consumer value and increasing consumers’ purchase intentions. Unfortunately, services marketing and consumer behaviour literature has been restricted to models for replication or model development rather than alternate model comparison. To fill this gap, this study has examined three alternate models in a service environment to advance the knowledge of behavioural intention determinants from the consumer perspective. This study proposes value-based features and an expectancy–confirmation theoretical framework in a model which it compares with two prior classic models. Unlike most prior studies, this study reconceptualizes the perceived value construct from the multi-dimensional perspective for its proposed model. The Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) method is applied to measure this construct filling existing knowledge’s methodological deficiency. Due to the importance of tangible and intangible features in the restaurant environment, the Australian restaurant services sector has been considered an ideal research setting for exploring inherent utilitarian and hedonic value dimensions. For data collection, this study used a web-based survey by an online research organization, and structural equation modelling (SEM) with AMOS software was chosen as the major data analysis tool. The empirical findings confirmed Alternate Model 2 as a better model in predicting consumers’ behavioural intention and found increased acceptability of this model, originally tested in information systems, in services marketing and consumer behaviour literature. An unexpected result concerned the ipsative data problem (a common score for all individuals) of the BWS method resulting in a poorer model fit for the proposed model; however, this study’s methodological contribution involved exploring the BWS method’s hidden data problem. This study also explored the importance of situational impacts on consumer behaviour in model testing. Finally, due to the proposed model’s poorer fit, hierarchical cluster analysis was run on the personal values and perceived value constructs (important constructs of the proposed model): results confirmed that consumers can be segmented based on their personality measures and value preferences. Moreover, multi-group analysis using different clusters explored the significance of developing path-by-path hypotheses in future across different consumers. Despite its limitations, the findings of the study are expected to have substantial implications for academics/researchers and practitioners in service-providing firms: specifically, this study may conceivably produce an agenda for industry-specific improvements in restaurant performance

Analysis of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for MHD free convection in an enclosure with a heated obstacle

Finite element method based on Galerkin weighted Residual approach is used to solve two-dimensional governing mass, momentum and energy equations for steady state, natural convection flow in presence of magnetic field inside a square enclosure. The cavity consists of three adiabatic walls and one constantly heated wall. A uniformly heated circular solid body is located at the centre of the enclosure. The aim of this study is to describe the effects of MHD on the flow and thermal fields in presence of such heated obstacle. The investigations are conducted for different values of Rayleigh number (Ra) and Hartmann number (Ha). Various characteristics of streamlines, isotherms and heat transfer rate in terms of the average Nusselt number (Nu) are presented for different parameters. The effect of physical parameter (D) is also shown here. The results indicate that the flow pattern and temperature field are significantly dependent on the above mentioned parameters