Effectiveness of Information Counseling on Delivery Method Decisions in Primiparous Women

Information counseling can be an appropriate way to reduce the number of unnecessary cesarean cases. This study was a before and after clinical trial conducted in the 28 weeks’ gestation with non-medical indication of a cesarean delivery (CD). The awareness of delivery modes, the decision for delivery modes, understanding the risks of delivery modes and self-efficiency were improved by counseling intervention (p<0.01). The implementation of information counseling has an effect on encouraging women to change their decision patterns to reduce CD. Some factors, especially the constant recommendation of physicians of CD as a programmable and convenient delivery, undermine the role of these interventions

Dental decay and associated factors in Iranian three-year-old children

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess dental caries and associated factors in children aged three years living in Varamin, Iran. Methods Eight hundred and fifteen three-year-old children were recalled randomly through the records existing in healthcare centers of Varamin, Iran. Two hundred and three mothers were also examined to assess the relationship between the oral health of mothers and children. Dental examinations were performed by two calibrated senior dental students using decayed missed filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) indices according to the WHO oral health survey basic methods. Demographic and oral-health care behavior data were collected using a standard  questionnaire.Results The mean DMFT was 2.69 ± 3.492 years (range 0–19 years). No significant difference was seen in dental care behavior of males and females; 43.4% of children were caries-free. A positive correlation was detected between mother’s DMFT and child’s dmft (r = 0.27, P &lt; 0.0001). Adjusted regression analysis showed that dental caries was observed more frequently in children having mothers with DMFT&gt; 12 compared to mothers with DMFT less than 6 (CR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.02–2.35) after controlling for child’s sex and behaviors.Conclusion This study showed that more than half of the three-year-old children experience dental caries and there is a positive correlation between the DMFT of mothers and dmft of their children

Modification and Evaluation of Avidity IgG Testing for Differentiating of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Early Stage of Pregnancy

Objective: Toxoplasma gondii infection, an intracellular parasite, is often asymptomatic or is caused by different clinical diseases without being detected. Evaluation of IgG, IgA, and IgM in order to diagnose the pending Toxoplasmosis may confront some problems. Several researches has showned that Toxo IgG avidity can be useful in the recent active Toxoplasmosis. In current study, modification and importance of improved Toxoplasma Avidity IgG testing has been evlauated for differentiating Toxoplasma gondii infection in early stage of pregnancy.Materials and Methods: This experimental study included 300 pregnant women with risk of Toxoplasmosis in their initial months of pregnancy. We randomly divided 300 serum samples into A group (n=60) with high avidity and B group (n=40) with borderline avidity. The samples with Toxo IgG levels were classified to four subgroups. IgG avidity was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: The mean absorbance of 100 samples in two groups was calculated, and then, two dilutaion curves with plotted absorbance against dilution were drawn for each serum sample. The results of this study showed that in groups with different concentrations of toxo IgG, appropriate dilution of serum is suitable for testing of Avidity. Our findings revealed the subgroups of 1, 2, 3, and 4 with serum dilutios of 1/3 , 1/6, 1/9, and 1/18 respectively, had real and good avidity.Conclusion: One of the issues affectig the results of avidity is high concenteration of Toxo IgG in serum sample. As shown in this study, the best points of dilution for well avidity in both high and borderline avidities are marked with arrows in figures 1-8. This study confirmed that improved methods of measuring Toxo Avidity IgG are very important

Effectiveness of Information Counseling on Delivery Method Decisions in Primiparous Women

Information counseling can be an appropriate way to reduce the number of unnecessary cesarean cases. This study was a before and after clinical trial conducted in the 28 weeks’ gestation with non-medical indication of a cesarean delivery (CD). The awareness of delivery modes, the decision for delivery modes, understanding the risks of delivery modes and self-efficiency were improved by counseling intervention (p<0.01). The implementation of information counseling has an effect on encouraging women to change their decision patterns to reduce CD. Some factors, especially the constant recommendation of physicians of CD as a programmable and convenient delivery, undermine the role of these interventions

The effect of pelvic floor physical therapy on sexual function in women complaining dyspareunia

Background: Dyspareunia is a pain that is occurs in the genital area before, during or after intercourse and is an important factor for sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor physical therapy on sexual function and muscle strength and endurance of pelvic floor (as a non-invasive therapy) in women with dyspareunia. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 32 women in the age range of 20-50-year-old and sexually active with complaints of dyspareunia, before the investigation were examined in terms of genital health and strength and endurance of the pelvic floor muscles. After the confidence of mental health, patients underwent pelvic floor rehabilitation for 10 sessions during 3 months. After assessment, myofascial release techniques and progressive pelvic floor muscles exercise was performed for patients based on their primary strength. Finally, patients were compared in terms of the severity of dyspareunia, sexual performance status (by using female sexual function index questionnaire), improvement of symptoms, pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance before (first session of physiotherapy) and after (after 3 months) investigation. Results: In the remaining 32 patients with dyspareunia with a mean age of 38&plusmn;1.24 years, desire index score 0.95 unit, arousal index score 1.01 unit, lubrication index score 0.67 unit, orgasm index score 0.71 unit, satisfaction index score 1.03 unit, pain index score was increased 1.05 unit, strength index score 2.44 unit, endurance index score 7.06 unit were increased in comparison to before the investigation that showed a significant different with P< 0.0001. Conclusion: According to obtained results, pelvic floor physical therapy had a significant effect in women with dyspareunia. So that the severity of dyspareunia, pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance had clinically significant improvement after pelvic floor physiotherapy

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgical Site Infections

Abstract: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are associated with a high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs