Molecular Design, Synthesis, Characterization & In-Vitro Biological Evaluation of Some Substituted Quinoxaline-2(1h) One Derivatives.

Medicinal Chemistry is a science whose roots lie in all branches of Chemistry and Biology. The practice of Medicinal Chemistry is devoted to the discovery and development of new agents for treating diseases. Medicinal Chemistry occupies a strategic position at the interface of Chemistry and Biology. As per invitro anti inflammatory assay (protein denaturation). The synthesized compound (7,9,10 ) shows significant anti inflammatory activity.The result from present study shows that introducing thiazolidinone nucleus to the quinoxaline-2-one and aromatic ring having methoxy group increases the activity . A further study (Toxicological study and in vivo Pharmacological screening) on this compounds suggests attractive starting point to find new lead compounds with potential improvements, ultimate use as pain reliever. 10. The synthesized compounds were screened to obtain Zone of inhibition. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were compared with standard drug Ciprofloxacin, among the synthesized derivatives compound 10 were found to be good in antimicrobial activity. Thus based on the above observations we can conclude that only at high concentrations, the compound(6,7,8,9) may act as antibacterial activity as compared to the standard drug the entire study reveals that the compounds will be modified structurally based on substitution and the difference in activity can also determined.By incorporating many more ring system to the quinoxaline nucleus could lead to more potent and highly active compound

Unusual yet isolated oral manifestations of persistent thrombocytopenia – A rare case report

Patients with platelet-mediated disorders often present clinical manifestations of bruising and bleeding. Although these changes are detected most frequently on the skin, the oral cavity also may exhibit signs of bleeding. In this report, we describe a patient who presented isolated oral features of hemorrhagic bullae with bleeding, indicative of a bleeding disorder. Results of laboratory tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia and a careful history disclosed dengue fever as the cause. The importance of recognizing the oral manifestations of thrombocytopenia is highlighted here, since the oral cavity is a frequent site of hemorrhage and could be the only manifestation of the disease

An expedient synthesis of spirooxindoles incorporating 2-amino pyran-3-carbonitrile unit employing dialkyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylates

<p>Spirooxindoles are a class of molecules possessing significant biological effects such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and anticancer properties. Herein we report a series of spirooxindole molecules having 2-amino pyran-3-carbonitrile and with two ester groups. These molecules were prepared by the reaction of dialkyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylate and isatilidenes in the presence of triethyl amine.</p

Unusual yet isolated oral manifestations of persistent thrombocytopenia A rare case report

s with platelet-mediated disorders often present clinical manifestations of bruising and bleeding. Although these changes are detected most frequently on the skin, the oral cavity also may exhibit signs of bleeding. In this report, we describe a patient who presented isolated oral features of hemorrhagic bullae with bleeding, indicative of a bleeding disorder. Results of laboratory tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia and a careful history disclosed dengue fever as the cause. The importance of recognizing the oral manifestations of thrombocytopenia is highlighted here, since the oral cavity is a frequent site of hemorrhage and could be the only manifestation of the disease

Emergence of unusual species of enterococci causing infections, South India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Enterococci tend to be one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, with <it>E. faecalis </it>and <it>E. faecium </it>accounting up to 90% of the clinical isolates. Nevertheless, the incidence of other species of enterococci from clinical sources shows an alarming increase with the properties of intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics including beta-lactams and glycopeptides. Thus proper identification of enterococci to species level is quintessential for management and prevention of these bacteria in any healthcare facility. Hence this work was undertaken to study the prevalence of unusual species of enterococci causing human infections, in a tertiary care hospital in South India.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India from July 2001 to June 2003. Isolates of enterococci were collected from various clinical specimens and speciated using extensive phenotypic and physiological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed and interpreted as per NCCLS guidelines. Whole cell protein (WCP) fingerprinting of enterococci were done for species validation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and analyzed computationally.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our study showed the prevalence of unusual (non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococci) and atypical (biochemical variant) species of enterococci as 19% (46 isolates) and 5% (12 isolates) respectively. The 7 unusual species (46 isolates) isolated and confirmed by phenotypic characterization includes: 15 <it>E. gallinarum </it>(6.2%), 10 <it>E. avium </it>(4.1%), 6 <it>E. raffinosus </it>(2.5%), 6 <it>E. hirae </it>(2.5%), 4 <it>E. mundtii </it>(1.7%), 3 <it>E. casseliflavus</it>-including the two atypical isolates (1.2%) and 2 <it>E. durans </it>(0.8%). The 12 atypical enterococcal species (5%) that showed aberrant sugar reactions in conventional phenotyping were confirmed as <it>E. faecalis, E. faecium </it>and <it>E. casseliflavus </it>respectively by WCP fingerprinting. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing depicted the emergence of high-level aminoglycoside and beta-lactam resistance among different species apart from intrinsic vancomycin resistance by some species, while all the species tested were susceptible for linezolid and teicoplanin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study reveals the emergence of multi-drug resistance among unusual species of enterococci posing a serious therapeutic challenge. Precise identification of enterococci to species level enables us to access the species-specific antimicrobial resistance characteristics, apart from knowing the epidemiological pattern and their clinical significance in human infections.</p