Molecular Design, Synthesis, Characterization & In-Vitro Biological Evaluation of Some Substituted Quinoxaline-2(1h) One Derivatives.

Medicinal Chemistry is a science whose roots lie in all branches of Chemistry and Biology. The practice of Medicinal Chemistry is devoted to the discovery and development of new agents for treating diseases. Medicinal Chemistry occupies a strategic position at the interface of Chemistry and Biology. As per invitro anti inflammatory assay (protein denaturation). The synthesized compound (7,9,10 ) shows significant anti inflammatory activity.The result from present study shows that introducing thiazolidinone nucleus to the quinoxaline-2-one and aromatic ring having methoxy group increases the activity . A further study (Toxicological study and in vivo Pharmacological screening) on this compounds suggests attractive starting point to find new lead compounds with potential improvements, ultimate use as pain reliever. 10. The synthesized compounds were screened to obtain Zone of inhibition. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were compared with standard drug Ciprofloxacin, among the synthesized derivatives compound 10 were found to be good in antimicrobial activity. Thus based on the above observations we can conclude that only at high concentrations, the compound(6,7,8,9) may act as antibacterial activity as compared to the standard drug the entire study reveals that the compounds will be modified structurally based on substitution and the difference in activity can also determined.By incorporating many more ring system to the quinoxaline nucleus could lead to more potent and highly active compound

Olanzapine-induced black hairy tongue: a rare case

Olanzapine is second generation antipsychotic drug. It alters affinities for serotonin and dopamine receptors and provides mild sedating and calming effect. It is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute mania and the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder. We present a case report of a 65- year- old man with bipolar disorder I, who developed black hairy tongue following treatment with olanzapine and completely recovered after withdrawal of treatment. Awareness about this particular adverse drug reaction will ensure proper management and avoid unnecessary investigations

Clinical presentation of tubal ectopic pregnancy

Background: When the fertilized ovum gets implanted at site other than normal position of uterine cavity, it is known as ectopic pregnancy. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 1-2% of all reported pregnancies. It is an unmitigated disaster of human production and the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in first trimester with major cause of reduced child bearing potential. It is notorious in its clinical presentation, challenging the attending physician.Methods: women with risk factors, signs and symptoms and with confirmed diagnosis. Women discharged against medical advice. Study population is 50. Retrospective analysis for 3 years (2016-2019). Objectives of this study were to study the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and changing trends of modern management. Results analysed after entering the information in the excel sheets using descriptive analysisResults: Out of 4940 deliveries, 50 were tubal ectopic pregnancies 1.012%. Women aged 20-25 years were 52%. In our study, multiparous were 68%. Common symptoms were abdominal pain 80.2%, amenorrhea 72%, urine gravindex test positive 92.8%. Etiology was PID 20%, previous ectopic pregnancy 4%, IUCD 4%, LSCS with tubectomy 16%, most common site is ampulla 82%. About 78% were ruptured. Tubal abortions 4%, salpingectomy done in 82%. Laparotomy in 2.43% in hemodynamically unstable. Medical management 8%. Salpingostomy in 4% and expectant management 2%. Morbidity in the form of blood transfusion 23.48%, DIC with ICU admission 2%. No mortality.Conclusions: A high index of clinical suspicion with underlying risk factors may get us early diagnosis for timely intervention

UNEARTHING SOIL'S FERTILITY IN DIFFERENT SEISMIC ZONES FOR CONSTRUCTION

Some maqui berry farmers are attempting to make amends for losing in soil fertility by making use of chemical fertilizers on their own crop fields. The conduct of G 11 multi story building of standard and irregular configuration under earth quake is complex also it varies of wind loads are assumed to do something concurrently with earth quake loads. Soil is essential to structures production and it is non-renewable inside a generation time period. Using the quickly growing population, pressure on land to satisfy the requirements for food, fuel and fiber has become enormous. Within this paper a residential of G 11 multi story building is studied for earth quake and wind load using ETABS and STAAS PRO V8i. These analysis are transported out by thinking about different seismic zones as well as for each zone the conduct is assessed if you take three various kinds of soils namely Hard, Medium and Soft .Different response like story drift, displacements base shear are plotted for various zones and various kinds of soils. Presuming that material rentals are straight line static and dynamic analysis is carried out

Histopathology of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding, in correlation with thyroid profile and ultrasonography findings

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the cause for many disturbances in women who are in the reproductive age group. Frequent and prolonged periods will lead to morbidity, social embarrassment, diminished quality of life and compromise of the sexual life.Methods: It is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the department of pathology, Andhra medical college. A total of 270 patients in the age group of 18 to 45 years were included in this study. Endometrial samples were obtained and histopathological examinations were conducted. All the clinical details and investigation reports were collected.Results: The age group of patients in this study ranged from 18 to 45 years. Maximum numbers of cases (169) were in the age group of 36 to 45 years (62.6%). Most of the patients were multipara (244 cases, 90.37%) and most common presenting complaint was heavy menstrual bleeding (198 cases, 73.3%). Majority of the patients were euthyroid (247 cases, 91.5%). Normal cyclical endometrium was found to be the commonest histopathological pattern with proliferative endometrium in 45.56% and secretory endometrium in 32.59% cases. Leiomyomas were found to be the commonest cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (15.56%). Bulky / enlarged uterus (77%) and type-IV (hyperechoic) endometrium, depicting the secretory endometrial pattern (36.66%) was the most common finding on transvaginal sonography (TVS).Conclusions: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for studying the pattern of endometrium in various causes of abnormal uterine bleeding

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services and challenges faced by pregnant women delivering at a tertiary care centre in South India

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. India entered a nationwide lockdown on March 25, 2020, disrupting regular health services. Hence this study was conducted to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternity services and to describe the challenges faced by pregnant women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from July 2020 to October 2020 at tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, India. 422 pregnant women delivered during this period were included and detailed questionnaire was administered regarding antenatal, intrapartum, postnatal services and, challenges faced during the pandemic via telephonic call. Responses were documented in Epicollect version 5, transferred to Microsoft excel and analysed using Stata version 14.2. Continuous variables were expressed as mean (SD), and Categorical variables as proportions. Results: The 100% response rate was achieved with 32.5% high risk pregnancies. The 71.8% women availed direct emergency medical services while 28.2%. were referrals. The 79.9% and 25% of the women in third trimester had less antenatal visits and discontinued haematinics respectively. The 47.4% had first trimester testing, 30% didn’t receive lactation support. 81% and 69% of primiparous and multiparous women respectively had adopted postpartum Intrauterine contraceptive device as contraception. The 35-50% women faced challenges in availing essential obstetric care services.Conclusions: Development of robust linkage system between existing primary healthcare and tertiary care for managing both low and high-risk pregnancies is of paramount importance to alleviate maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.