Internal herniation of bowel through the mesodiverticular band in adults - rare presentation - managed by laparoscopy: report of a case

Meckel’s diverticulam is the most common congenital anomaly of gastrointestinal tract. Reporting a case of small bowel obstruction due to internal herniation though the mesodiverticular band, which is a very rare presentation in adults- managed by laparoscopic division of mesodiverticular band. A 35 year old patient, presented to the emergency department with intestinal obstruction. Investigations are suggestive of small bowel obstruction. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done. A meckel’s diverticulum with herniation of small bowel through the mesodiverticular band is found. The mesodiverticular band is divided. As the meckel’s diverticulam was wide mouthed directiculectomy was not done. It can be managed safely by laparoscopy and with less incidence of complications. Morbidity is minimal and rapid return of intestinal function can be achieved

Acromegaly incidentally diagnosed at term in a pregnant woman presenting with ventricular premature complexes

Pituitary adenomas lead to increased growth hormone production and acromegaly. Pregnancy in acromegaly is rare as spontaneous conception is affected. We presented a case of 31 year old lady conceived by ovulation induction and presented at term gestation with ventricular premature complexes and was subsequently diagnosed with pituitary micro adenoma causing acromegaly. There has been no reported case of pregnancy with acromegaly presenting with premature ventricular complexes. Moreover, diagnosis of acromegaly in pregnancy is difficult and limited literature is available on its effects as well as management

Awareness about PCPNDT act among undergraduate students of a medical college in Puducherry

Background: Sex selective abortions have become a significant social phenomenon in contemporary India. In order to curb sex selective abortions, the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act was passed in the year 1994.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Puducherry among 75 medical under-graduate students. A semi-structured, pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information on their knowledge, attitude and perception regarding gender discrimination and prenatal sex determination act.Results: Only 34 (45.3%) students were correctly aware of the prevailing sex ratio in India. Most common source of information for awareness was internet (44.1%), followed by newspaper (41.1%), and family/friends (14.7%). Majority (74.7%) of the students were aware of the PCPNDT Act. Awareness about PCPNDT Act among female students (85.4%) was higher as compared to male students (61.8%). Only half of the students (56.0%) correctly reported about the punishment for sex determination and implication of feticide (fine and imprisonment both).Conclusions: Awareness regarding the altered sex ratio and the PCPNDT Act was poor among medical undergraduates. In order to combat the poor awareness regular workshops and continuing medical education sessions (CMEs) should be conducted

Awareness regarding abortions and medical termination of pregnancy act among medical students in Puducherry, India

Background: Maternal mortality is an important indicator of women’s health and social well-being. According to the WHO report,each year, an estimated 190 women for every 100,000 live births die due to maternal causes. In India, unsafe abortion and related complications accounts for 9% of all maternal deaths. Abortion was made legal in India by the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) act, which was enacted by Indian Parliament in the year 1971. But the number of unsafe abortions has not declined.Methods:A present study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, in Puducherry, India. All undergraduate students of VIIth semester MBBS participated in the study. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the awareness and perceptions on abortion care and Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act in India. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007. Averages were calculated and chi square test was applied to find the significant difference.Results: Among a total of 75 participants, 41(54.7%) were female and 34 (45.3%) were male students. Majority of the students (97.3%) were aware of the fact that unsafe abortions are a serious health problem in India and all of the students (100.0%), were aware of the MTP Act of India. But only 36.0% students were aware of the fact, that consent from husband was not required to undergo abortion. To reduce the number of unsafe abortions in India majority of the medical students (45.3%) were of the opinion that easy access to MTP services in the community is an effective measure.Conclusions: Legalization of abortions through the MTP Act in India resulted in a considerable decrease in maternal mortality through the decline in abortions but it has failed to ensure effective implementation and access to medically safe abortion services. Training in basic contraceptive counseling and abortion care should be incorporated in basic medical education in India.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Indigofera cordifolia leaf extract and their pharmacological potential

Biologically the silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Indigofera cordifolia leaves extract. The absorbance of the silver nanoparticles centered at four hundred and twenty nm, with respect to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles wavelength. XRD method proves, biosynthesized NPs would retain the face centered cubic (fcc) structure. In TEM image analysis, silver NPs morphology was spherical in shape. The composition of the silver nanoparticles was obtained by EDAX analysis method. FTIR analysis concluded that biosynthesis Ag NPs was observed at 1384 cm-1, with respect to –NO3 stretching arises from AgNO3. Ten types of bands are present in the broad emission because of organic matrix bound to silver nanoparticles, which reveals as the result of photoluminescence measurements. The silver NPs possess more antibacterial activity as compared to the standard drug, Amoxicillin

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postpartum contraception services in women delivering at a tertiary care centre in South India

Background: Contraception and sexual health are a fundamental human right and an integral part of women’s health services. Postpartum period is the unique opportunity for counselling and availing contraception. COVID-19 pandemic hindered routine and special services like postpartum clinics has negative impact on family planning services. Objectives were to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on postpartum contraceptive care services received and to describe the challenges faced in availing these services among pregnant women delivering at a tertiary care centre in South India.Methods: A descriptive study carried out in 422 women who had delivered at our hospital from July 2020 to October 2020. Data was collected in Epicollect version 5 and analysed using Stata version 14.2.Results: A total of 422 women were interviewed. Only one-third of the participants received contraceptive counselling in the antenatal period compared to 90% postpartum. 39% (primiparous-34%/multiparous-5%) had adopted barrier methods followed by post-partum intrauterine uterine contraceptive devices in 33% (primiparous-19.6%/multiparous-13.4%) and 5% had sterilisation concurrent with caesarean section. Around 30-40% of women faced challenges in accessing the family planning methods due to closure of elective services like postpartum clinics, operation theatres, nationwide lockdown, and non-availability of field health workers.Conclusions: Contraceptive choices for postpartum women appear to be largely restricted to temporary methods with additional challenges of availing these services during the pandemic. With the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and continuous need for contraception, there is a need to refocus and motivate eligible couples for long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARC) with significantly lower failure rates

Cat Swarm Optimization-Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis Model for Lung Cancer Classification in Computed Tomography Images

Lung cancer is the most significant cancer that heavily contributes to cancer-related mortality rate, due to its violent nature and late diagnosis at advanced stages. Early identification of lung cancer is essential for improving the survival rate. Various imaging modalities, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are employed to diagnose lung cancer. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) models are necessary for minimizing the burden upon radiologists and enhancing detection efficiency. Currently, computer vision (CV) and deep learning (DL) models are employed to detect and classify the lung cancer in a precise manner. In this background, the current study presents a cat swarm optimization-based computer-aided diagnosis model for lung cancer classification (CSO-CADLCC) model. The proposed CHO-CADLCC technique initially pre-process the data using the Gabor filtering-based noise removal technique. Furthermore, feature extraction of the pre-processed images is performed with the help of NASNetLarge model. This model is followed by the CSO algorithm with weighted extreme learning machine (WELM) model, which is exploited for lung nodule classification. Finally, the CSO algorithm is utilized for optimal parameter tuning of the WELM model, resulting in an improved classification performance. The experimental validation of the proposed CSO-CADLCC technique was conducted against a benchmark dataset, and the results were assessed under several aspects. The experimental outcomes established the promising performance of the CSO-CADLCC approach over recent approaches under different measures

Medical survey on Cardiovascular Disorders

Recent studies in India indicate raising trends of cardiovascular disorders like hyper tension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. Even in rural areas continuous monitoring of the cardio vascular disorders situation is required by repeated cross sectional studies in both urban, rural to plan control measures. Aim of the study to make a survey on cardio vascular disorders in local hospitals of aroghya and spandana hosipital in khammam. A cross sectional study was carried out in khammam region in the rural field practice area of Mother Teresa Pharmacy College in Sathupally, India. All adults and olders of both genders were included and screened for cardio vascular disorders by hosipital survey. Conclusion: It was observed that cardiovascular disorders can be treated within time and proper medication. Awareness should be created among the population regarding prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Even though proper medication are there, in some cases like heart attack and congestive heart failure the death rate is very high. This is because the patient is not able to reach the hospitals in time, not changing their life style modifications, continuing their habits like smoking and alcohol consumption and lack of frequent medical checkups. Hence the sincere advise to all the patients those are in the risk of cardiovascular disorders must have to keep the corresponding medicines like nitroglycerine tablets (Isosorbide dinitrate)  with them of their pocket every time, avoiding of their habits of smoking and alcohol consumption, intake of low calorie diet and maintain their regular medical checkups.       Keywords:  Cross sectional study, Cardiovascular Disorders, Smoking and Alcohol consumptio