Place-based Policing in Milwaukee, WI

Problem-oriented policing (POP) is an approach that focuses on policing interventions that are specific to a crime problem in a particular area. POP programs often include entities outside of the criminal justice system in an effort to develop a multidimensional solution to a problem. In partnership with the Milwaukee Police Department (MPD), the current study examined the effectiveness of POP on crime rates in the city of Milwaukee. The study utilizing a blocked randomized design in which hotspot crime areas were matched on crime rates, geographical size, and qualitative characteristics of the areas. For the matching official crime data and interviews with patrol officers in each area were used to create pairs of hotspots. After the matching was completed, one hot spot in each pair was randomly assigned to the treatment group and received problem-oriented policing strategies. The other hot spot in the pair was assigned to the control group and only received routine traditional policing strategies during the assessment period. / / To assess the effectiveness of the POP interventions, two outcomes were examined. The first was physical disorder and was assessed through systematic observations of the areas before and after the POP interventions in both areas. The second outcome examined was crime rates. For this outcome, official crime data was analyzed before and after the strategies and compared in the treatment and control groups. / / The results indicate the ability of POP to affect crime rates and rates of physical disorder in Milwaukee, WI. They also provide insight into the implementation of POP in the seven districts across the city

Surface modification of EDM process using Carbon Nano tubes, A Review

Abstract:- Better surface finish demand is increasing from recent years for machining of tough and super alloys. Traditionally EDM Dielectric is mixed with either aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and silicon carbide (SiC) powder to obtain high surface finish value. In new technology researchers mix Carbon nano tube (CNT) with dielectric fluid in EDM process because of high thermal conductivity of CNTs. The analysis of surface characteristics like surface roughness, micro cracks of work pieces are carried out and an excellent machined nano surface finish is attained. Keywords:- CNT, EDM, MWNT,PHEDM, SWNT, SR, I