Synthèse totale de la (+)-Désoxygaliéllalactone et les N-tosyloxycarbamates comme source de nitrènes pour l'aziridination énantiosélective des styrènes

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

One step beyond emotional intelligence measurement in the career development of adult learners: A bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling framework

peer reviewedEmotional intelligence has been recognized as an important meta-competency for helping individuals to navigate throughout their career. However, the multidimensionality of emotional intelligence has seldom been fully investigated at the measurement level, and it remains unclear how specific dimensions predict career-related outcomes over and above the general factor of emotional intelligence. We addressed this issue using a bifactor-ESEM framework among a sample of Belgian adult learners (N = 445), and explored the incremental and predictive validity of emotional intelligence dimensions on important career-related outcomes (i.e., emotional exhaustion, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and career satisfaction). Beyond the predictive effect of the general factor of emotional intelligence on career-related outcomes, we demonstrated the specific contribution of several dimensions (comprehension, regulation and utilization). Our results support the importance of distinguishing the specific effects of emotional intelligence dimensions and bring important contributions for guidance counselors and for designing tailor-made interventions

An analytical model for azimuthal thermoacoustic modes in an annular chamber fed by an annular plenum

This study describes an analytical method for computing azimuthal modes due to flame/acoustics coupling in annular combustors. It is based on a quasi-one-dimensional zero-Mach-number formulation where N burners are connected to an upstream annular plenum and a downstream chamber. Flames are assumed to be compact and are modeled using identical flame transfer function for all burners, characterized by an amplitude and a phase shift. Manipulation of the corresponding acoustic equations leads to a simple methodology called ANR (annular network reduction). It makes it possible to retain only the useful information related to the azimuthal modes of the annular cavities. It yields a simple dispersion relation that can be solved numerically and makes it possible to construct coupling factors between the different cavities of the combustor. A fully analytical resolution can be performed in specific situations where coupling factors are small (weak coupling). A bifurcation appears at high coupling factors, leading to a frequency lock-in of the two annular cavities (strong coupling). This tool is applied to an academic case where four burners connect an annular plenum to a chamber. For this configuration, analytical results are compared with a full three-dimensional Helmholtz solver to validate the analytical model in both weak and strong coupling regimes. Results show that this simple analytical tool can predict modes in annular combustors and investigate strategies for controlling them

Involuntary Career Changes: A Lonesome Social Experience.

peer reviewedLike any other career process, career changes are influenced by relationships. Moreover, involuntary career changes are a challenging, yet understudied, career transition. Based on a relational perspective of work and careers, we investigated the way people's social environment affects the process and experience of involuntary career changes. Specifically, we aimed to identify the sources of relational influences and to understand how these influences affect career changes. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 adults who were forced to change career because of unemployment or health issues. Through thematic analysis, we identified three sources of relational influences (personal, work, and institutional environment) and three forms of influence that others had on career changes (positive, negative, and ambivalent). These influences manifested at four distinct moments of the process: When participants were leaving their former job, when they were shifting between their former occupation and a new livelihood, when they were exploring new career options, or when they were trying to implement their new career plan. Overall, results suggest that involuntary career changes are deeply shaped by heterogeneous and differentiated relational influences. The effect of the personal environment varied depending on the moment of the career change process. In particular, family and friends tended to be perceived as barriers when it came to shifting from the old to a new occupation and implementing a new career plan. The work environment mostly had a negative effect on the career change experience, suggesting the labor market might be somewhat refractory toward adult career changers. Institutions played a critical role throughout the change process, with support structures often being perceived as inappropriate, but with guidance professionals generally recognizing participants' difficulties. Moreover, diverse forms of ambivalence characterized the identified relational influences, which were sometimes both appreciated and avoided or had ambiguous and fluctuating effects. Finally, although being a fundamentally social experience, involuntary career changes were also characterized by moments of loneliness that reflected the inadequacy of available support and a sense of shame associated with the status of career changer. Study limitations, research perspectives, and practical implications at the labor market, institutional, and individual levels are addressed

Fair enough?! Investigating the specific challenges of diverse university first-year students

peer reviewedThe transition into higher education (HE) is a particularly challenging process for students due to a large variety of difficulties and requirements. Moreover, increasing student numbers and diversity in European HE have complexified the issue of the successful transition to university. Consequently, it is important to further develop our understanding of the heterogeneity of students and the specific challenges that impact their successful and less stressful transitions into higher education. This paper contributes to this scientific endeavour. More precisely, a study was carried out among 1,048 first-year students from a French-speaking Belgian university. Using latent profile analysis, our results yielded five profiles representing different combinations of achievement predictors (high school grade, socio-economic status, informed-choice, and self-efficacy beliefs). When comparing the profiles, our results further highlighted key differences in the way students experienced the specific challenges associated with the transition and succeeded at the end of the first year. The discussion of the results allowed us to provide practical implications and future perspectives on the thorny issue of diversity into the transition to HE

Chronicles of Involuntary Career Changes: A Qualitative Longitudinal Analysis

peer reviewedAlthough extensive research on career transitions exists, little is known about the challenges and processes of involuntary career change. Building on Savickas’s theoretical framework of objective and subjective careers, we investigated the subjective experiences of involuntary career changes while apprehending their objective unfolding. Following a longitudinal qualitative design, we conducted two waves of semistructured interviews with 18 participants who had been forced to change careers due to health issues, migration, or saturated labor market in Switzerland. A four-step temporal thematic analysis covering case description, case comparison, case processes analysis, and processes comparison highlighted a spectrum of career change processes. At one end, individuals experienced synchronous progressions and regained meaning and control over their career combined with a rather linear status sequence. Conversely, some individuals underwent asynchronous developments consisting of either modest objective steps that instigated meaningful subjective experiences or status stagnation, leading to a loss of control and meaning. These findings underscore the variety of involuntary career change processes and unveil synchronicity as a key temporal element in involuntary career change processes. Implications for research and practice are discussed

Quels liens entre la reprise d'études universitaires et leur profil de personnalité? Neuf profils de personnalité pour différentes raisons de reprendre une formation

peer reviewedDe plus en plus d'adultes reprennent le chemin de l'université pour obtenir un master complémentaire à leur formation initiale. L'objectif de cette étude est d'interroger les liens possibles entre leurs motifs d'entrée en formation à l'université et leur profil de personnalité. Pour ce faire, le modèle de l'ennéagramme a été mobilisé et une approche mixte a été appliquée. Dans un premier temps, des données quantitatives (N = 177) ont été récoltées et analysées afin d'identifier les profils de personnalité de notre échantillon et savoir quels motifs ont poussé ces adultes à reprendre des études universitaires. Dans un deuxième temps, des entretiens semi-directifs (N = 9) réalisés à partir d'une technique de ligne de vie ont été menés. Les données quantitatives confirment les liens entre les profils de personnalité et les motifs d'entrée en formation. La triangulation des données quantitatives et qualitatives permet d'appréhender plus finement la complexité de ces liens

Structures d’exploitation et exercice de l’activité agricole : continuités, changements ou ruptures ?

Ce numéro est issu des échanges qui se sont tenus lors du colloque organisé par la SFER en février 2015 à Rennes et consacré à l’évolution des structures d’exploitation et des formes d’exercice de l’activité agricole. À l’heure où des changements structurels importants continuent de s’opérer au sein de l’agriculture française, il a semblé utile de prendre le temps de la réflexion pour analyser les tendances à l’œuvre, en étudier les facteurs explicatifs et les conséquences, identifier les élé..

Qualitative longitudinal research in vocational psychology: a methodological approach to enhance the study of contemporary careers

peer reviewedAlthough temporality is pivotal to most career development processes, qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) is still rare in vocational psychology. QLR consists of following individuals over the years and exploring how they develop through time. It implies articulating themes, cases, and processes to reach an understanding of change in the making. Based on two vignettes showing how the entourage influences career change processes, we address the heuristic, praxeological, and transformative potential of using QLR in vocational psychology and, more specifically, to study career transitions. This approach also raises practical and ethical challenges that must be considered.8. Decent work and economic growt