1,025 research outputs found

    Interwar Price Level Targeting

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    Fackler and Parker argue that the Great Depression may have been preventable with a formalized policy rule proposed by economist Irving Fisher. Policymakers have an ongoing debate about whether formalized policy rules are better than discretionary policy decisions for economic outcomes. The authors’ analysis suggests that in the case of the Great Depression, if Fisher’s policy rule had been adopted in 1930 the collapse of the economy would have been avoided

    The Role of Functional, Social, and Mobility Dynamics in Facilitating Older African Americans Participation in Clinical Research

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    Purpose: Older African Americans experience disproportionately higher incidence of morbidity and mortality related to chronic and infectious diseases, yet are significantly underrepresented in clinical research compared to other racial and ethnic groups. This study aimed to understand the extent to which social support, transportation access, and physical impediments function as barriers or facilitators to clinical trial recruitment of older African Americans. Methods: Participants (N=221) were recruited from six African American churches in Atlanta and surveyed on various influences on clinical trial participation

    Spanning tree methods for sampling graph partitions

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    In the last decade, computational approaches to graph partitioning have made a major impact in the analysis of political redistricting, including in U.S. courts of law. Mathematically, a districting plan can be viewed as a balanced partition of a graph into connected subsets. Examining a large sample of valid alternative districting plans can help us recognize gerrymandering against an appropriate neutral baseline. One algorithm that is widely used to produce random samples of districting plans is a Markov chain called recombination (or ReCom), which repeatedly fuses adjacent districts, forms a spanning tree of their union, and splits that spanning tree with a balanced cut to form new districts. One drawback is that this chain's stationary distribution has no known closed form when there are three or more districts. In this paper, we modify ReCom slightly to give it a property called reversibility, resulting in a new Markov chain, RevReCom. This new chain converges to the simple, natural distribution that ReCom was originally designed to approximate: a plan's stationary probability is proportional to the product of the number of spanning trees of each district. This spanning tree score is a measure of district "compactness" (or shape) that is also aligned with notions of community structure from network science. After deriving the steady state formally, we present diagnostic evidence that the convergence is efficient enough for the method to be practically useful, giving high-quality samples for full-sized problems within several hours. In addition to the primary application of benchmarking of redistricting plans (i.e., describing a normal range for statistics), this chain can also be used to validate other methods that target the spanning tree distribution

    Civic Engagement and People with Disabilities: The Role of Advocacy and Technology

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    Disability legislation acknowledges the right of people with disabilities to participate in political and public life on an equal basis with others, but there continue to be significant barriers in accessing all aspects of the policymaking process. Advocacy and technology are two core strategies used by the disability community to advance the rights of people with disabilities. Further understanding of how these strategies and tools empower people with disabilities to connect with government is needed. This research seeks to develop and enhance civic knowledge and practices of people with disabilities by conducting civic engagement training and evaluation and examining the role of four disability advocacy organizations. Using qualitative and quantitative data, the research explores the inclusion and participation of people with disabilities in civic society, with a focus on advocacy and technology

    Bulk Handling of Milk on Texas Dairy Farms.

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    16 p

    Network Structures and the Properties of Na-Ca-Sr-Borophosphate Glasses

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    Borophosphate glasses were prepared with the nominal molar compositions 16Na2O-(24-y)CaO-ySrO-xB2O3-(60-x)P2O5 (mol%), where 0≀x≀60 and y=0, 12, and 24. Information about the compositional dependence of borate and phosphate site speciation and next nearest neighbor linkages was obtained by 11B and 31P MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopies, and by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). With the initial replacement of P2O5 by B2O3, tetrahedral borate sites linked to four phosphate anions, B(ØP)4, are created in the glass structure, and the average phosphate anion becomes smaller as bridging PØP bonds are replaced by bridging PØB bonds. With further increases in the B2O3 content, borate units, including B-triangles, replace phosphate units linked to the B-tetrahedra. Compositional trends for the glass transition temperature (Tg) and molar volume are explained by considering the number and types of bridging oxygens per glass former, consistent with topological models reported elsewhere

    Hawking Radiation from AdS Black Holes

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    We investigate Hawking radiation from black holes in (d+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. We focus on s-waves, make use of the geometrical optics approximation, and follow three approaches to analyze the radiation. First, we compute a Bogoliubov transformation between Kruskal and asymptotic coordinates and compare the different vacua. Second, following a method due to Kraus, Parikh, and Wilczek, we view Hawking radiation as a tunneling process across the horizon and compute the tunneling probablility. This approach uses an anti-de Sitter version of a metric originally introduced by Painleve for Schwarzschild black holes. From the tunneling probability one also finds a leading correction to the semi-classical emission rate arising from the backreaction to the background geometry. Finally, we consider a spherically symmetric collapse geometry and the Bogoliubov transformation between the initial vacuum state and the vacuum of an asymptotic observer.Comment: 13 pages, latex2e, v2: some clarifications and references adde
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