TLDR: Text Based Last-layer Retraining for Debiasing Image Classifiers

A classifier may depend on incidental features stemming from a strong correlation between the feature and the classification target in the training dataset. Recently, Last Layer Retraining (LLR) with group-balanced datasets is known to be efficient in mitigating the spurious correlation of classifiers. However, the acquisition of group-balanced datasets is costly, which hinders the applicability of the LLR method. In this work, we propose to perform LLR based on text datasets built with large language models for a general image classifier. We demonstrate that text can be a proxy for its corresponding image beyond the image-text joint embedding space, such as CLIP. Based on this, we use generated texts to train the final layer in the embedding space of the arbitrary image classifier. In addition, we propose a method of filtering the generated words to get rid of noisy, imprecise words, which reduces the effort of inspecting each word. We dub these procedures as TLDR (\textbf{T}ext-based \textbf{L}ast layer retraining for \textbf{D}ebiasing image classifie\textbf{R}s) and show our method achieves the performance that is comparable to those of the LLR methods that also utilize group-balanced image dataset for retraining. Furthermore, TLDR outperforms other baselines that involve training the last linear layer without a group annotated dataset.Comment: 19 pages, Under Revie

Development of Pseudomembranous Colitis Four Months after Initiation of Rifampicin

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) may develop with long-term antibiotic administration, but is rarely reported to be caused by antitubercular agents. We present a case of PMC that occurred 120 days after starting rifampicin. A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and started on a standard HERZ regimen (isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin, pyrazinamide). After 4 months of HERZ, he presented with frequent bloody, mucoid, jelly-like diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Sigmoidoscopy revealed multiple whitish plaques with edematous mucosa that were compatible with PMC. Biopsies from these lesions showed ulcer-related necrotic and granulation tissue. We stopped antitubercular treatment and started the patient on oral metronidazole. His symptoms completely resolved within 2 weeks. Antitubercular treatment was restarted by replacing rifampicin with levofloxacin. The patient did not present with diarrhea or bloody stool throughout the rest of treatment

Low-voltage-driven soft actuators

Soft actuators based on electroactive polymers (EAPs) are the core constituents of future soft robots owing to their fascinating properties such as Lightweight, compactness, easy fabrication into various forms, and Low cost. Ionic EAP actuators are particularly attractive owing to the Low driving voltages (<3 V) as compared to those of electronic EAP actuators (usually kilovolts). This paper presents a brief overview of the recent progress in a range of EAP actuators by focusing on Low voltage operation, in addition to the challenges and future strategies for their wide applicability in artificial muscles and various innovative soft robot technologies.11Ysciescopu

Taste Visualization Technique for Online Food Shopping Malls: Development and Application

The main goal of this study is to visualize tastes of foods and agro-products to reduce the uncertainty of purchasing of them in online shopping malls. To accomplish the goal, we select two Korean traditional foods; Kimchi and Gochujang, develop the criteria for visualization of their tastes, choose about ten products for each food that are on sale in the online shopping malls, make visualization tables and apply them to the real shopping mall. And then, we contrast the customer satisfaction, purchasing pattern, and sales of both before and after applying the taste visualization tables