The Relationship of Ethics Education to Moral Sensitivity and Moral Reasoning of Students in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs of South Korea

The purposes of this study were to describe the relationships 1) between academic class and moral sensitivity and moral reasoning of students in baccalaureate nursing programs in South Korea, 2) between curriculum design components for ethics education and moral sensitivity and moral reasoning, and 3) between student characteristics, and moral sensitivity and moral reasoning. This study has a descriptive design using preexisting groups to explore the relationships between multiple variables and the student outcome variables. Data were collected by surveying freshman and senior students in eight private baccalaureate nursing programs in the Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea. The survey consisted of a demographic form, the Korean Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire to examine moral sensitivity of students, and the Korean Defining Issues Test to examine moral reasoning of students. To examine the relationships, this study used mixed models for analysis of clustered data within schools. According to the results of this study, there were significant relationships between: 1) academic class and moral sensitivity, 2) curricular variables (i.e., hours of ethics content and hours of non-lecture teaching methods) and moral reasoning, 3) student characteristics, age, gender, and number of siblings, and moral sensitivity, and 4) student characteristics, religion and GPA, and moral reasoning. The findings of this study indicate that nursing education in South Korea may have an impact on developing student moral sensitivity, particularly, in caring relationship with patients (b =1.44, SE=.36, pb =.94, SE=.44, pb =.26, SE=.12, p<.05). Nursing programs in South Korea need to stress the principled reasoning of students and consider that planned ethics content in a nursing curriculum can improve moral sensitivity and moral reasoning of students based on understanding the influence of student characteristics on student moral development. Further research to test the effect of a specific curriculum intervention on the moral development of students is suggested.Doctor of Philosoph

Accuracy of Wearable Devices for Estimating Energy Expenditure and Heart Rate During Golf

PURPOSE This study examined the accuracy of the heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) measured by commercially available wearable devices during golf. METHODS A total of 14 male golfers (24.0±4.06 years) participated in this study. Each participant wore five wearable devices (Apple Watch Series 2, AS; Fitbit Versa, FV; Polar V800, PV; Samsung Galaxy Watch Active, SA; and Suunto Spartan Sport Wrist HR, SWH) on the wrist in the laboratory and/or on a golf course. The criterion measures used to evaluate the accuracy of the HR and EE entailed a wireless heart rate monitor (Polar V800, Polar, Finland) and portable indirect gas analyzer (K4b2, COSMED, Italy). In the laboratory, the participants walked on a treadmill and swung golf clubs using seven iron. On the golf course, the participants played golf in nine holes. RESULTS In the laboratory, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the HR in the five wearable devices was within 8% for walking and golf club swinging, excluding FV (12%). The MAPE in EE was within 15% for SA, AS, and PV when walking at a speed of 5.6 km/h on the treadmill, but the MAPE in golf club swinging were within 25%. On the golf courses, the HR in all wearable devices showed the MAPE of <5% but EE showed an error rate of <20%, excluding SWH (73%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that wearable devices might be used to monitor intensity and amount of exercise during golf

Validity of Energy Expenditure Estimation Equation using Heart Rate in Swimming

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop an estimation equation that predicts energy expenditure (EE) during swimming exercise based on heart rate (HR). And, we also evaluated the validation for field application and compare it with the existing speed-based swimming EE equation. METHODS A total of 63 healthy adults (ages 19-49 years) who could swim at various speeds were conveniently sampled. The experi-ment was conducted in an indoor 25 m pool. The protocol (measurement of individual best performance, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, <1.0 m/s) was performed for 4 minutes each according to the level of the individual. EE was evaluated using a portable respiratory gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed, Italy) and a swimming snorkel (Aqua Trainer Snorkel, Cosmed, Italy). HR was measured using a waterproof HR chest strap (Polar Electro Oy, Polar V800, Finland). A dummy control regression analysis was performed with the EE measured by the respiratory gas analyzer as the dependent variables and sex, age, height, weight, and HR during exercise as independent variables. RESULTS The participants in this study were randomly divided into two groups; the equation development (n=42) and the validation group (n=21). The estimation of EE during swimming exercise is as follows; EEm=-18.197-1.966 (Gender: men=0, women=1)+.027 (Age, year)+.073 (Height, cm)+.008 (Weight, kg)+.092 (HR, bpm) R2 = 78% (adj. R2 = 77.2%). The HR-based swimming EE estimation equation (mean=0.7, difference=6.7) verified by the Bland & Altman plot showed the lowest error, followed by Monpetit (mean=1.6, difference=11.6) and Costill (Mean=0.4, difference=16.7). CONCLUSIONS The EE during swimming was developed using physical characteristics such as sex, age, height, weight and HR in this study. This swimming EE equation might be used for commercial wearable devices

Subject Recruitment and Retention Against Quadruple Challenges in an Intervention Trial of End-of-Life Communication

Studies of end-of-life care face difficulties associated with enrollment and attrition. Information and exemplars can help end-of-life care researchers anticipate such difficulties and customize recruitment and retention strategies to achieve planned sample sizes. We analyzed data on recruitment and retention efforts used in a clinical trial of an end-of-life communication intervention that involved African American dialysis patients and their chosen surrogate decision makers. Despite the challenges the trial faced (e.g., recruiting a minority group of patients who were seriously ill, had a surrogate decision maker willing to join the study, and were willing to engage in end-of-life discussions), the planned sample size was met, and nearly 90% of the participants completed the study. Various strategies were used to sustain accrual during the study. Although a total of 16 contacts per dyad had been planned from enrollment to 3-months data collection, 27 contacts were actually needed. The strategies and procedures used in this study may be pertinent to other studies that involve African Americans with serious illness and require dyadic participation

Successful Management of a Rare Case of Stent Fracture and Subsequent Migration of the Fractured Stent Segment Into the Ascending Aorta in In-Stent Restenotic Lesions of a Saphenous Vein Graft

Stent fracture is a complication following implantation of drug eluting stents and is recognized as one of the risk factors for in-stent restenosis. We present the first case of successfully managing a stent fracture and subsequent migration of the fractured stent into the ascending aorta that occurred during repeat revascularization for in-stent restenosis of an ostium of saphenous vein graft after implantation of a zotarolimus-eluting stent. Although the fractured stent segment had migrated into the ascending aorta with a pulled balloon catheter, it was successfully repositioned in the saphenous vein graft using an inflated balloon catheter. Then, the fractured stent segment was successfully connected to the residual segment of the zotarolimus-eluting stent by covering it with an additional sirolimuseluting stent

Effect of Achyranthes bidentata

The present study investigated the antiobesity effect of Achyranthes bidentata Blume root water extract in a 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation model and rats fed with a high-fat diet. To investigate the effect of Achyranthes bidentata Blume on adipogenesis in vitro, differentiating 3T3-L1 cells in adipocyte-induction media were treated every two days with Achyranthes bidentata Blume at various concentrations (1 to 25 μg/mL) for eight days. We found that Achyranthes bidentata Blume root inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without affecting cell viability, and Western blot analysis revealed that phospho-Akt expression was markedly decreased, whereas there was no significant change in perilipin expression. Furthermore, administration of Achyranthes bidentata Blume root (0.5 g/kg body weight for six weeks) to rats fed with a high-fat diet significantly reduced body weight gain without affecting food intake, and the level of triglyceride was significantly decreased when compared to those in rats fed with only a high-fat diet. These results suggest that Achyranthes bidentata Blume root water extract could have a beneficial effect on inhibition of adipogenesis and controlling body weight in rats fed with a high-fat diet

Late Stent Thrombosis After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Rare Case of Accelerated Neo-Atherosclerosis and Early Manifestation of Neointimal Rupture

An 80-year old woman suffered from sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea, and visited the emergency room. She received stent implantation with a biolimus A9-eluting stent (Nobori® 3.0×24 mm) at a the mid-portion of the left anterior descending artery 5 months prior to admission. The emergency 5-month follow-up angiogram was performed under the impression of late stent thrombosis. The follow-up angiogram showed subtotal occlusion at the mid-portion of the left anterior descending artery, which was the same segment of previous stent implantation 5 months ago. Immediately after thrombus aspiration with the thrombus aspiration catheter, the optical coherence tomography showed layered appearance of neointimal hyperplasia and neointimal rupture within the previously stented segment. Thus, neointimal rupture within accelerated growth of neointimal tissue was observed within a relatively shorter period (i.e., about 5 months) after stent implantation

Mesoporous Silica-Coated Hollow Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive T1 Contrast Agents for Labeling and MRI Tracking of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesoporous silica-coated hollow manganese oxide (HIVInO@ mSiO(2)) nanoparticles were developed as a novel T-1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. We hypothesized that the mesoporous structure of the nanopartide shell enables optimal access of water molecules to the magnetic core, and consequently, an effective longitudinal (R-1) relaxation enhancement of water protons, which value was measured to be 0.99 (mM(-1) s(-1)) at 11.7 T. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were efficiently labeled using electroporation, with much shorter T-1 values as compared to direct incubation without electroporation, which was also evidenced by signal enhancement on T-1-weighted MR images in vitro. Intracranial grafting of HMnO@mSiO(2)-labeled MSCs enabled serial MR monitoring of cell transplants over 14 days. These novel nanopartides may extend the arsenal of currently available nanoparticie MR contrast agents by providing positive contrast on T-1-weighted images at high magnetic field strengths.

Investigation of Antimony in Natural Water and Leaching from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottled Water

Abstract -Antimony (Sb) is one of the trace hazardous compounds in drinking water. Recent studies demonstrated that polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles can release antimony into water. It is also found on natural environment such as groundwater and crustal rocks. The natural content of Sb in northern Gyeonggi province in South Korea was very low range from 0.02~0.32 μg/L. The source water and tap water for 15 water supply plants from river or reservoir showed 0.13 μg/L on average. The groundwater concentration from 50 mineral springs indicated significantly low at 0.02 μg/L. The concentration of antimony was investigated in 47 bottled water brands on market. The average of Sb in bottled water brands was 0.57 μg/L. The detection rate was 100% in these products. Otherwise, raw water for bottled water contained 0.32 μg/L of antimony and detection rate was 90.7%. As a results of leaching experiment, antimony content in PET bottled water was increased from 1.04 to 9.84 μg/L under 60℃ after 12weeks. In case, the bottled water was stored in over 35℃, antimony leached into water. UV-ray irradiation to bottled water not induced increasing antimony release into water following 14days