Three newly recorded plants of South Korea: Muhlenbergia ramosa (Hack. ex Matsum.) Makino, Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

AbstractThree new Poaceae species are reported in South Korea. Muhlenbergia ramosa was found in Boryeong-si, Iksan-si, Jangsu-gun and Gwangju. Dichanthelium acuminatum and Rottboellia cochinchinensis were found in Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do and Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do which were thought to be alien species. Genus Dichanthelium and Rottboellia are newly reported in South Korea. Muhlenbergia ramosa was thought to be native to Korea

Efekti korišćenja astaksantina u ishrani na rast, pigmentaciju mišića i antioksidantne aktivnosti mlađi kalifornijske pastrmke (oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study was designed to test the effects of dietary astaxanthin on growth, muscle pigmentation, antioxidant activity and biochemical composition of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Experimental diets were formulated to contain 50, 75 and 100 ppm astaxanthin (designed as AS50, AS75 and AS100). The diet without supplementation of astaxanthin was considered as the control diet. Each experimental diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish (18.5 g/fish) to visual satiation two times a day for 10 weeks. Growth performance and proximate composition of muscle of fish were not affected by dietary AS levels (P> 0.05). Total carotenoid concentration in the muscle of fish fed the AS50 diet was higher than that of fish fed the control diet, but no different to that of fish fed the AS75 and AS100 diets. The astaxanthin concentration in the muscle of fish fed AS50, AS75 and AS100 diets were higher than that of control diet. The redness (a*) of the muscle of fish fed AS50, AS75 and AS100 diets were higher than that of fish fed the control diet (P 0.05) nije uticao na performansu rasta i hemijski sastav mišića ribe. Ukupna koncentracija karotenoida u mišiću ribe koja je hranjena AS50 hranom bila je viša nego kod riba hranjenih kontrolnom hranom, ali nije bila drugačija od riba hranjenih AS75 i AS100 hranom. Koncentracija astaksantina u mišiću riba hranjenih AS50, AS75 i AS100 hranom bila je viša nego kod riba hranjenih kontrolnom hranom. Crvena boja (a*) mišića ribe koja je hranjena AS50, AS75 i AS100 hranom bila je jača nego kod ribe hranjene kontrolnom hranom (P< 0.05). Antioksidantna aktivnost DPPH, radikala hidroksila i alkila u plazmi i jetri riba nisu zavisili od nivoa astaksantina osim kod plazme koja je imala antioksidantnu aktivnost alkilnih radikala. Rezultati ove studije nagoveštavaju da se hrana koja sadrži 50 ppm astaksantina može koristiti da bi se poboljšala crvena boja mišične pigmentacije kod mlađi kalifornijske pastrmke

The genome of the freshwater monogonont rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus

Monogononta is the most speciose class of rotifers, with more than 2,000 species. The monogonont genus Brachionus is widely distributed at a global scale, and a few of its species are commonly used as ecological and evolutionary models to address questions related to aquatic ecology, cryptic speciation, evolutionary ecology, the evolution of sex and ecotoxicology. With the importance of Brachionus species in many areas of research, it is remarkable that the genome has not been characterized. This study aims to address this lacuna by presenting, for the first time, the whole‐genome assembly of the freshwater species Brachionus calyciflorus. The total length of the assembled genome was 129.6 Mb, with 1,041 scaffolds. The N50 value was 786.6 kb, and the GC content was 24%. A total of 16,114 genes were annotated with repeat sequences, accounting for 21% of the assembled genome. This assembled genome may form a basis for future studies addressing key questions on the evolution of monogonont rotifers. It will also provide the necessary molecular resources to mechanistically investigate ecophysiological and ecotoxicological responses. </p

PGC-1α Regulates Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Modulating Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Although mounting evidence has demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) can promote tumorigenesis, its role in cancer remains controversial. To find potential target molecules of PGC-1α, GeneFishingTM DEG (differentially expressed genes) screening was performed using stable HEK293 cell lines expressing PGC-1α (PGC-1α-HEK293). As results, leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) was upregulated. Western blot analysis showed that LARS1 was increased in PGC-1α overexpressed SW480 cells but decreased in PGC-1α shRNA knockdown SW620 cells. Several studies have suggested that LARS1 can be a potential target of anticancer agents. However, the molecular network of PGC-1α and LARS1 in human colorectal cancer cells remains unclear. LARS1 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas LARS1 knockdown reduced them. We also observed that expression levels of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and vimentin were regulated by LARS1 expression. We aimed to investigate whether effects of PGC-1α on cell proliferation and invasion were mediated by LARS1. Our results showed that PGC-1α might modulate cell proliferation and invasion by regulating LARS1 expression. These results suggest that LARS1 inhibitors might be used as anticancer agents in PGC-1α-overexpressing colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed in the future to clarify the detailed molecular mechanism by which PGC-1α regulates LARS1 expression

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of the giant knotweed, Fallopia sachalinensis from the volcanic island Dokdo, Republic of Korea

The giant knotweed plant, Fallopia sachalinensis is confined to Ulleung and Dokdo islands, Korea. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome of F. sachalinensis. The chloroplast genome size was 163,485 bp in length, containing a couple of identical inverted repeat regions of 31,108 bp, a large single-copy region of 87,703 bp and small single-copy region of 13,566 bp. The genome encoded 129 genes, of which 112 were unique, including 78 protein-coding, 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that F. sachalinensis is a basal group and sister to the rest of the Polygonaceae family plants

Data Sheet_1_Extensive reorganization of the chloroplast genome of Corydalis platycarpa: A comparative analysis of their organization and evolution with other Corydalis plastomes.zip

IntroductionThe chloroplast (cp) is an autonomous plant organelle with an individual genome that encodes essential cellular functions. The genome architecture and gene content of the cp is highly conserved in angiosperms. The plastome of Corydalis belongs to the Papaveraceae family, and the genome is comprised of unusual rearrangements and gene content. Thus far, no extensive comparative studies have been carried out to understand the evolution of Corydalis chloroplast genomes.MethodsTherefore, the Corydalis platycarpa cp genome was sequenced, and wide-scale comparative studies were conducted using publicly available twenty Corydalis plastomes. ResultsComparative analyses showed that an extensive genome rearrangement and IR expansion occurred, and these events evolved independently in the Corydalis species. By contrast, the plastomes of its closely related subfamily Papaveroideae and other Ranunculales taxa are highly conserved. On the other hand, the synapomorphy characteristics of both accD and the ndh gene loss events happened in the common ancestor of the Corydalis and sub-clade of the Corydalis lineage, respectively. The Corydalis-sub clade species (ndh lost) are distributed predominantly in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) region. The phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation were also employed for the Corydalis species.DiscussionThe divergence time of the ndh gene in the Corydalis sub-clade species (44.31 – 15.71 mya) coincides very well with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Oligocene and Miocene periods, and maybe during this period, it has probably triggered the radiation of the Corydalis species.ConclusionTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large-scale comparative study of Corydalis plastomes and their evolution. The present study may provide insights into the plastome architecture and the molecular evolution of Corydalis species.</p

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Scrophularia cephalantha endemic to Korea

Scrophularia species are highly valued and widely used traditional medicinal plants in East Asia. In this article, the complete chloroplast genome of Scrophularia cephalantha, a species endemic to South Korea, is reported for the first time. The genome is 153,016 bp long, and it is composed of a pair of 25,485 bp inverted repeats (IRs), separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 84,124 bp, and a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,922 bp. There are 133 predicted genes in the genome, comprising 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs, with an overall GC content of 38%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the chloroplast genome data showed that S. cephalantha is a sister species to S. buergeriana and S. ningpoensis. The data provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the genus Scrophularia and its related species

The genome of the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus sheds light on the antioxidative defense system in response to 2-ethyl-phenanthrene and piperonyl butoxide

Brachionus: spp. (Rotifera: Monogononta) have been introduced as ecotoxicological model-organisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Among the Brachionus spp., the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus has been widely used for ecology, ecotoxicology, and evolution, thus, providing the whole genome data of B. koreanus is important for further understandings of in-depth molecular mechanisms. In this study, the completed assembly and characterization of the B. koreanus genome resulted in a total length of 85.7 Mb with 14,975 annotated genes. The final number of scaffolds was 567 with an N50 value and a GC content of 1.86 Mb and 24.35 %, respectively. Based on the fully constructed genome database, a total of 24 CYPs, 23 GSTs, two SODs, and a single CAT genes were identified and analyzed antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, and GST), and transcriptional regulation of the entire CYPs, GSTs, SODs, and CAT in response to 2-ethyl-phenanthrene (2-ethyl-PHE) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), to demonstrate the usefulness of the whole genome library of B. koreanus in response xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress. The assembled B. koreanus genome will provide a better understanding on the molecular ecotoxicology in the view of molecular mechanisms underlying toxicological responses, particularly on xenobiotic detoxification processes in the rotifer B. koreanus