16,682 research outputs found
Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing resection of tnm stage i colorectal cancer: an analysis of tumour and host determinants of outcome
Background
Screening for colorectal cancer improves cancer-specific survival (CSS) through the detection of early-stage disease; however, its impact on overall survival (OS) is unclear. The present study examined tumour and host determinants of outcome in TNM Stage I disease.
Methods
All patients with pathologically confirmed TNM Stage I disease across 4 hospitals in the North of Glasgow between 2000 and 2008 were included. The preoperative modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) was used as a marker of the host systemic inflammatory response (SIR).
Results
There were 191 patients identified, 105 (55 %) were males, 91 (48 %) were over the age of 75 years and 7 (4 %) patients underwent an emergency operation. In those with a preoperative CRP result (n = 150), 35 (24 %) patients had evidence of an elevated mGPS. Median follow-up of survivors was 116 months (minimum 72 months) during which 88 (46 %) patients died; 7 (8 %) had postoperative deaths, 15 (17 %) had cancer-related deaths and 66 (75 %) had non-cancer-related deaths. 5-year CSS was 95 % and OS was 76 %. On univariate analysis, advancing age (p < 0.001), emergency presentation (p = 0.008), and an elevated mGPS (p = 0.012) were associated with reduced OS. On multivariate analysis, only age (HR = 3.611, 95 % CI 2.049–6.365, p < 0.001) and the presence of an elevated mGPS (HR = 2.173, 95 % CI 1.204–3.921, p = 0.010) retained significance.
Conclusions
In patients undergoing resection for TNM Stage I colorectal cancer, an elevated mGPS was an objective independent marker of poorer OS. These patients may benefit from a targeted intervention
Sine-Gordon Field Theory for the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transitions on Fluctuating Membranes
In the preceding paper, we derived Coulomb-gas and sine-Gordon Hamiltonians
to describe the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition on a fluctuating surface. These
Hamiltonians contain couplings to Gaussian curvature not found in a rigid flat
surface. In this paper, we derive renormalization-group recursion relations for
the sine-Gordon model using field-theoretic techniques developed to study flat
space problems.Comment: REVTEX, 14 pages with 6 postscript figures compressed using uufiles.
Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Breaking of valley degeneracy by magnetic field in monolayer MoSe2
Using polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, we investigate
valley degeneracy breaking by out-of-plane magnetic field in back-gated
monolayer MoSe devices. We observe a linear splitting of between luminescence peak energies in
and emission for both neutral and charged excitons. The optical
selection rules of monolayer MoSe couple photon handedness to the exciton
valley degree of freedom, so this splitting demonstrates valley degeneracy
breaking. In addition, we find that the luminescence handedness can be
controlled with magnetic field, to a degree that depends on the back-gate
voltage. An applied magnetic field therefore provides effective strategies for
control over the valley degree of freedom.Comment: expanded discussion section, corrected typo in eq.
Spatiotemporal Mapping of Photocurrent in a Monolayer Semiconductor Using a Diamond Quantum Sensor
The detection of photocurrents is central to understanding and harnessing the
interaction of light with matter. Although widely used, transport-based
detection averages over spatial distributions and can suffer from low
photocarrier collection efficiency. Here, we introduce a contact-free method to
spatially resolve local photocurrent densities using a proximal quantum
magnetometer. We interface monolayer MoS2 with a near-surface ensemble of
nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and map the generated photothermal current
distribution through its magnetic field profile. By synchronizing the
photoexcitation with dynamical decoupling of the sensor spin, we extend the
sensor's quantum coherence and achieve sensitivities to alternating current
densities as small as 20 nA per micron. Our spatiotemporal measurements reveal
that the photocurrent circulates as vortices, manifesting the Nernst effect,
and rises with a timescale indicative of the system's thermal properties. Our
method establishes an unprecedented probe for optoelectronic phenomena, ideally
suited to the emerging class of two-dimensional materials, and stimulates
applications towards large-area photodetectors and stick-on sources of magnetic
fields for quantum control.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Observation of diurnal variations in mesoscale eddy sea-surface currents using GOCI data
The surface current field of a mesoscale eddy in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) was derived from consecutive Geostationary Ocean Color Imager chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration images using the normalized maximum cross-correlation method. The estimated current field of the eddy exhibited anticyclonic structure demonstrated by the objective dynamic thresholds of correlation coefficients. The eddy periphery was defined by fitting an ellipse to subjectively selected points from the frontal map of chl-a concentration data. Radial distribution and hourly variation of the current speed around the eddy were presented. In terms of the magnitude and direction, the estimated current field was in good agreement with altimeter-based current field and current vectors from surface drifters. Diurnal variations in the current speeds of the mesoscale eddies showed a quadratic relation to the wind speed
- …