Toll-like receptors (TLRs): An old family of immune receptors with a new face in cancer pathogenesis

In the dark path of tumorigenesis, the more carefully the cancer biology is studied, the more brilliant answers could be given to the countless questions about its orchestrating derivers. The identification of the correlation between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and different processes involved in carcinogenesis was one of the single points of blinding light highlighting the interconnection between the immune system and cancer. TLRs are a wide family of single-pass membrane-spanning receptors that have developed through the evolution to recognize the structurally conserved molecules derived from microorganisms or damaged cells. But this is not everything about these receptors as they could orchestrate several downstream signalling pathways leading to the formation or suppression of cancer cells. The present review is tempted to provide a concise schematic about the biology and the characters of TLRs and also summarize the major findings of the regulatory role of TLRs and their associated signalling in the pathogenesis of human cancers

Dose-Dense Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Docetaxel as Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Positive Breast Cancer

Background. Adding taxanes to anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy has shown significant improvement particularly in node-positive patients, but optimal dose and schedule remain undetermined. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel in node-positive breast cancer. Methods. All Patients first received 4 cycles of epirubicin (100 mg/m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m(2)) at 2-week interval then followed by docetaxel (100 mg/m(2)) at 2-week interval for 4 cycles, with daily Pegfilgrastim (G-CSF) that was administered in all patients on days 3–10 after each cycle of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide infusion. Results. Fifty-eight patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer were enrolled in the study, of whom 42 (72.4%) completed the regimen. There were two toxicity-related deaths, one patient due to grade 4 febrile neutropenia and the other due to congestive heart failure. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were 13.8% and 5.1%. The most common grade 3/4 nonhematological complications were as follows: skin-nail disorders (48.3%), hand-foot syndrome (34.4%), paresthesia (38%), arthralgia (27.5%), and paresis (24.1%). Conclusions. Dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel with G-CSF support are not feasible, and it is not recommended for further investigation

Detection of Trace Metals in Seawater: The Importance of UV-Oxidation

https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/ideafest_posters/1098/thumbnail.jp

Detection of Trace Metals in Seawater: The Importance of UV-Oxidation

According to oceanographic research, trace metals are essential in life of marine phytoplankton, since many trace metals are micronutrients that are essential for biological processes. However, due to extremely low concentrations of trace metals in seawater, it is difficult to measure their concentrations; therefore, specific analysis methods must be performed in order to determine the concentrations of trace metals. One of the techniques, which is required prior to extraction process, is UV-oxidation in which strong organic ligands that chelate trace metals, such as copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co), are destroyed.https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/inrsep_posters/1005/thumbnail.jp

Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Assessment in Patient Transfers among Nurses in a hospital in Tehran Using MAPO Technique and provide control measures

Background: One of the major problems in hospitals that resulting in a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among employees is activities related to handling patients. This study investigated  the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in people with patient handling task using MAPO index in 2015 In one of the military hospitals in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study among 230 nurses in a 400-bed military hospital in Tehran. The instruments used in the study included the Nordic Questionnaire, MAPO index checklist, demographic questionnaire . Results: The main results can be the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among employees, especially low back disorders, shoulder, wrist, and so on that back pain (75%) were most common among employees also the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in female employees most of the employees were men. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing personnel with patient handling task is high and therefore the need for intervention ergonomic in design environments and tools at the same time educational intervention there

The Effect of Cyberspace-Based Education on Caregivers Burden in Caregivers Who Care about Elderly with Dementia

Background: Dementia prevalence is identified as one of the consequences of aging. Care for patients with dementia has significant consequences for caregivers like poorer physical health, emotional stresses, depression and high mortality risk. This study was accomplished in order to determine the cyber-based education effect on care burden in caregivers of elderly with dementia. Methods: : This study is a quasi- experimental study performed on 86 caregivers of elderly with dementia who were referred to the Taleghani Hospital. This study samples were selected in both intervention and control groups as available sampling. Data collection tool was Zarit's care burden Questionnaire that was completed by using telephone interview (before and by passing two months from the end of intervention). Cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for one month, in the form of videos, clips, photo and text. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by applying Chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test. Results:This study population included 86 participants (43 people in the intervention group and 43 people in the control group). The questionnaire reliability in this study was 0.92 (Cronbach's alpha=0.92) and the physical and psychology dimensional reliability were measured as 0.75 and 0.9, respectively. Results indicated significant changes in the reduction of total care burden after education in the intervention group (P.V <0.001). Moreover, the amount of physical burden (P < 0.001) and psychological burden (P < 0.001) have reduced after intervention.Conclusions:Conclusions: With respect to finding, cyber- based learning is suggested for caregivers of elderly with dementia in order to reduce the care burden. Keywords: Care burden, Caregivers, Dementia, Elderly, Education based on cyber

The Effect of Cyberspace-Based Education on Caregivers Burden in Caregivers Who Care about Elderly with Dementia

Background: Dementia prevalence is identified as one of the consequences of aging. Care for patients with dementia has significant consequences for caregivers like poorer physical health, emotional stresses, depression and high mortality risk. This study was accomplished in order to determine the cyber-based education effect on care burden in caregivers of elderly with dementia. Methods: : This study is a quasi- experimental study performed on 86 caregivers of elderly with dementia who were referred to the Taleghani Hospital. This study samples were selected in both intervention and control groups as available sampling. Data collection tool was Zarit's care burden Questionnaire that was completed by using telephone interview (before and by passing two months from the end of intervention). Cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for one month, in the form of videos, clips, photo and text. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by applying Chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test. Results:This study population included 86 participants (43 people in the intervention group and 43 people in the control group). The questionnaire reliability in this study was 0.92 (Cronbach's alpha=0.92) and the physical and psychology dimensional reliability were measured as 0.75 and 0.9, respectively. Results indicated significant changes in the reduction of total care burden after education in the intervention group (P.V <0.001). Moreover, the amount of physical burden (P < 0.001) and psychological burden (P < 0.001) have reduced after intervention.Conclusions:Conclusions: With respect to finding, cyber- based learning is suggested for caregivers of elderly with dementia in order to reduce the care burden. Keywords: Care burden, Caregivers, Dementia, Elderly, Education based on cyber