Oxidative Cleavage of Alpha Amino Acids ℓ–Glycine and ℓ–Valine By1,3-Dichloro-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin in Medium of Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Abstract: 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) hydrolysed of this compounds leads to the formation of active positive halogen species like HOCl and H2O+Cl. The H2O+Cl in non-polar or less polar media, extensively used as a chlorinating and oxidizing agents in organic substrate. The rate of reaction is enhanced by the increasing [H+] and percentage of acetic acid. The main product of the oxidation is corresponding aldehydes. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been computed in the show step mechanism. The observed rate law was in good conformity with the mechanism

Effect of Oxidant 1, 3-Dichloro-5-5-Dimethylhydantoin and 5, 5-Dimethylhydantoin with Different Substrates: The Kinetic Measurements

The kinetic measurement with different concentration of oxidant 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 5,5-dimethylhydantoin with ℓ–alanine,  ℓ-glycine and ℓ–valine. The catalytic effect of acid in the reaction rate reveal an interaction between oxidants species H2O+Cl and substrates. The observed order of reactivity of ℓ-amino acids (ℓ-glycine > ℓ–alanine > ℓ-valine) was explained on the basis of hydrolysis of reacting species

Fungal biodiversity profiles 21–30

The authors describe ten new taxa for science using mostly both morphological and molecular data. In Basidiomycota, descriptions are provided for Botryobasidium fusisporum sp. nov., B. triangulosporum sp. nov., Cantharellus hydnoides sp. nov. and Hydnum aerostatisporum sp. nov. in Cantharellales; Lactarius rahjamalensis sp. nov. and Russula pseudoaurantiophylla sp. nov. in Russulales and for Mycena paraguayensis comb. nov. in Agaricales. In Ascomycota and hyphomycetes, descriptions are provided for Colletotrichurn eryngiicola sp. nov. (Glomerellales), Corynesporella indica sp. nov. (incertae sedis) and Repetophragma zygopetali sp. nov. (Microthyriales)

Three interesting wood rotting macro-fungi from Jharkhand, India

Routine surveys of mycologically unexplored forest areas of Jharkhand, followed by a thorough examination of macro-fungal collections reveal two hitherto unrecorded poroid species (Basidiomycete) for Indian mycobiota namely, Ganoderma elegantum and Perenniporia bambusicola, and a less known hydnoid wood-rotting species Beenakia fuliginosa.  Detailed taxonomic descriptions coupled with illustrations are provided for all three taxa and compared with allied taxa. </div

Comparing the Accuracy in Diagnosing Periapical Lesions by Conventional and Direct Digital Radiography

This study investigated the accuracy of diagnosing periapical lesions through conventional radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR) technique. A total of 170 patients with clinically suspected periapical pathosis and 30 normal subjects were included in the study. Both the conventional and digital images were taken with same exposure parameters keeping the film without lead foil and sensor simultaneously, to standardize the images. One endodontist and two oral radiologists evaluated all conventional and digital images and gave their final diagnosis for each technique separately. The diagnostic accuracy of each observer and image mode was calculated as the areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The mean values were statistically compared with the Wilcoxon′s signed rank test. In results the intraobserver variation and interobserver variation were high with conventional radiographic technique in diagnosing initial periapical lesions. There was a slight increase in the mean values for digital technique and in the accuracy of diagnosing the periapical lesions but using wilcoxon signed rank test the z-value was 1.367 and p-value was 0-172. The results of this study suggest that for the diagnosis of initial periradicular pathosis, the difference between the conventional and Trophy RVG 5000 DDR systems is insignificant However, some advantages like elimination of chemical processing, immediate observation of radiographic images, ability to enhance images, and data storage make DDR preferable in comparison with CR for diagnosis of initial periapical lesions

Nevus of Ota Involving Palate: Case Reports and Review

Nevus of Ota is a rare dermal melanocytosis. 2 case reports of this rare leson is reported in Indian patients

Correlation between Chest X-ray and Non Severe Pneumonia as per WHO Guidelines

Introduction: Pnemonia or lower respiratory tract infections are considering most common entity responsible for under five morbidity &amp; mortality. WHO guidelines for ARI control programme is universally accepted by most of countries. It has reduced mortality by proper treatment and referral. Although tachypnia is consider single criteria for diagnosis. Many of these children have viral pneumonia or normal x-ray. Although oral antibiotics are prescribed to them but it is actually not needed. Methods: All the patients came to paediatric department from January 2013 to July 2014 &amp; diagnosed as pneumonia as per WHO protocol were included in study. It was a prospective, double blind, randomized controlled study of radiological data of all the patients who were diagnosed as pneumonia as per WHO protocol. All the x- rays were read by two experts. Results: Of 219 radiographs examined 23 have evidences of pneumonia. 183 patients have normal x-ray. Conclusion: Radiology is consider most accurate method for diagnosis of pneumonia. As per WHO protocol these children receive unnecessary antibiotics although many of these children have viral pneumonia. There is need of some cheaper, easily available &amp; more accurate methods to identify etiological organism for pneumonia

Thelephora sikkimensis sp. nov. (Thelephoraceae) from the Eastern Himalayas (India)

Thelephoroid fungi are abundant ectotrophic symbionts in temperate forests worldwide.The state of Sikkim, in India, constitutes a hot spot of fungal diversity due to the occurrence ofmany ectomycorrhizal tree species. Collections of a stipitate thelephoroid species were found underCastanopsis hystrix in the district South of this state. Molecular and morphological analyses supportthe placement of these collections as a monophyletic unit that is proposed here as Thelephorasikkimensis sp. nov. This species is characterized by its pileate-stipitate basidiomes; zonate-hairypileus surface, papillate-odontoid hymenophore and large basidia [35?65 (infrequently up to 125)× 7-9 μm]. Morphological details of this new species are presented along with its phylogeneticaffinities estimated on nrITS-based analyses.Fil: Das, Kanad. Botanical Survey Of India; IndiaFil: Hembrom, Manoj E.. Botanical Survey Of India; IndiaFil: Ghosh, Aniket. Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University; IndiaFil: Parihar, Arvind. Botanical Survey Of India; IndiaFil: Kuhar, José Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentin

Tenuazonic Acid: A Promising Antitubercular Principle from Alternaria alternate

Bioactivity guided isolation of dichloromethane extract of Alternaria alternata identified tenuazonic acid (1) as potentially active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, MIC at 250 μg/mL concentration. This active metabolite 1, was also evaluated for osmotic hemolysis using the erythrocyte as a model system. It was observed that this fungal metabolite showing antitubercular activity exhibited concentration dependent toxicity to human erythrocytes