Tuberculosis en Ourense

INTRODUCCIÓN: La tuberculosis es la enfermedad infecciosa más prevalente en el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que un 33% de la población mundial está infectada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticados de tuberculosis en la provincia de Ourense en el 2006. Los casos se obtuvieron del Registro Gallego de Tuberculosis. Se recogieron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas referentes a liación, antecedentes personales, clínica, hallazgos radiográ cos, diagnóstico y tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, con un porcentaje mayor de hombres (59%). El tipo más frecuente de tuberculosis fue la pulmonar (58%) y la principal alteración radiográ ca fue el in ltrado pulmonar no cavitado (45%). El diagnóstico se hizo sobre todo por cultivo de esputo (45%). No se registró ningún caso de resistencia primaria y la pauta de tratamiento más frecuente fue 2 meses de Isonizida (I), Rifampicina (R) y Pirazimamida (P) y 4 meses de los 2 primeros (I+R). CONCLUSIONES: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad bastante frecuente en nuestro medio, siendo su principal forma la tuberculosis pulmonar. Hay un bajo porcentaje de inmigrantes y VIH. El tratamiento más empleado fue el de 3 fármacos (2IRZ + 4IR) y el efecto adverso más frecuente fue la hepatotoxicidad. El número de tratamientos directamente observados ha aumentado en nuestra provincia. La evolución fue favorable en la mayoría de los casos

Polymorphisms in the BER and NER pathways and their influence on survival and toxicity in never-smokers with lung cancer

Polymorphisms in DNA repair pathways may play a relevant role in lung cancer survival in never-smokers. Furthermore, they could be implicated in the response to chemotherapy and toxicity of platinum agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of various genetic polymorphisms in the BER and NER DNA repair pathways on survival and toxicity in never-smoker LC patients. The study included never-smokers LC cases diagnosed from 2011 through 2019, belonging to the Lung Cancer Research In Never Smokers study. A total of 356 never-smokers cases participated (79% women; 83% adenocarcinoma and 65% stage IV). Survival at 3 and 5 years from diagnosis was not associated with genetic polymorphisms, except in the subgroup of patients who received radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy, and presented with ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism. There was greater toxicity in those presenting OGG1 rs1052133 (CG) and ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphisms among patients treated with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy, respectively. In general, polymorphisms in the BER and NER pathways do not seem to play a relevant role in survival and response to treatment among never-smoker LC patients

Indoor Radon and Lung Cancer Risk. A Pooling Study on the Second Risk Factor for Lung Cancer

Background. Residential radon is the second risk factor of lung cancer following tobacco consumption, according to WHO (World Health Organization) and United States EPA statements. It is recognized as the first cause of lung cancer in never-smokers by both organizations. Nevertheless, case-control studies performed in radon prone areas are still scarce and with limited sample sizes. We aim to know the relationship between residential radon and lung cancer risk in a study performed in a radon-prone area, and where inhabitants live for a long time in the same dwelling. Method. We have pooled results from 5 different case-control studies performed in the same geographical area to assess the relationship between indoor radon and lung cancer. One of these studies was focused specifically in never smokers and other in Small Cell Lung Cancer. All cases and controls were older than 30 and cases had a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer. Controls were selected for attending hospital for trivial surgery. Controls were selected through a frequency-based sampling based on age and gender distribution of cases. The information and questionnaires collected was the same in all studies, with special focus on tobacco consumption. Radon devices of an alpha track type were placed at the participants’ homes for at least three months. Odds Ratios of lung cancer due to radon exposure have been calculated adjusted by age, gender, and tobacco consumption. Result. We included 1691 cases and 1698 controls. Median age was 63 and 67, respectively, and females comprised 33% of both cases and controls. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histology (43%) and participants lived a median of 30 years in the same dwelling. The table show the risk of lung cancer due to radon exposure. Conclusion. Residential radon is a relevant risk factor for lung cancer, even below concentrations established as safe by USEPA and WHO