Einsatzmoeglichkeiten nativer Oele und Fette als Chemierohstoffe. 1.2: Biokatalytische Reaktionen von ungewoehnlichen Fettsaeuren mit Alkoholen und Zuckern Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F95B306+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Outsourcing Legal Aid in the Nordic Welfare States

The chapter gives an overarching analysis of the Nordic legal aid schemes, as described in this collection. The welfare state, and its development, serves as a common backdrop for the Nordic countries, and has influenced the legal aid schemes in all the countries. As the national reviews show, the schemes have adjusted to common challenges of cost and effectiveness, but failed to fully meet them. The development of the different national schemes has been divergent. Together with private legal expenses insurances, a third sector of legal aid initiatives has developed in light of the failings of the public schemes. The chapter argues that this can be seen as a flaw in the Nordic welfare state model. The experiences of the new legal aid organisations might provide basis for a reform of the public systems, ensuring access to the law for everyone

Legal Aid in the Nordic Countries

The chapter serves as the introduction to the collection, and provides the background for, and overview of, the book. The goal of the collection is to examine and compare civil legal aid in the Nordic countries in relation to the welfare state. An introduction to the common background of the Nordic countries and their legal aid schemes is compared to international developments in the field. The Nordic legal aid research, mainly empirical research on ‘unmet legal needs’, is reviewed, indicating a current remaining unmet need for legal aid. This overview reviews the chapters on legal aid in the different Nordic countries (which serve to describe and analyse the national schemes), the case studies (which serve to develop on features and challenges of the public schemes), and a final section that serves to contextualise the studies of the Nordic schemes in a European and theoretical perspective

Online analysis of xestodecalactones A-C, novel bioactive metabolites from the fungus Penicillium cf. montanense and their subsequent isolation from the sponge Xestospongia exigua

Fungal isolates of Penicillium cf. montanense were obtained from the marine sponge Xestospongia exiguacollected from the Bali Sea, Indonesia. Culture filtrates of the fungi yielded three novel decalactone metabolites, xestodecalactones A, B, and C (1, 2a, and 2b), consisting of 10-membered macrolides with a fused 1,3-dihydroxybenzene ring. Online HPLC-NMR, ESI-MS/MS, and -CD spectra were acquired, and the structures of the new compounds were established and confirmed on the basis of offline NMR spectroscopic ((1)H, (13)C, COSY, ROESY, (1)H-detected direct and long-range (13)C-(1)H correlations) and mass spectrometric (EIMS) data. Quantum chemical calculations of the CD spectra proved to be difficult because of the conformational flexibility of the xestodecalactones. These compounds, of which 2a and 2b, due to the additional stereocenter at C-9, are diastereomeric compounds, are structurally related to a number of biologically active metabolites found in terrestrial fungal strains. Compound 2a was found to be active against the yeast Candida albicans