Feasibility, safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after living donor nephrectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This meta-analysis aims to compare enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) vs. standard perioperative practice in the management of living kidney donors. Primary endpoints included mortality, complications, length of stay (LOS) and quality of life after living donor nephrectomy. Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched. In total, 3029 records were identified. We then screened 114 full texts. Finally, 11 studies were included in the systematic review corresponding to 813 living donors. Of these, four randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. ERAS resulted in shorter LOS (95CI: -1.144, -0.078, I2 = 87.622%) and lower incidence of post-operative complications (95CI: 0.158, 0.582, I2 = 0%). This referred to Clavien-Dindo I-II complications (95CI: 0.158, 0.582, I2 = 0%). There was no difference in Clavien-Dindo III-V complications (95CI: 0.061,16.173, I2 = 0%). ERAS donors consumed decreased amounts of narcotics during their hospital stay (95CI: -27.694, -8.605, I2 = 0%). They had less bodily pain (95CI:6.735, 17.07, I2 = 0%) and improved emotional status (95CI: 6.593,13.319, I2 = 75.682%) one month postoperatively. ERAS protocols incorporating multimodal pain control interventions resulted in a mean reduction of 1 day in donors' LOS (95CI: -1.374, -0.763, I2 = 0%). Our results suggest that ERAS protocols result in reduced perioperative morbidity, shorter length of hospital stay and improved quality of life after living donor nephrectomy

Changes of blood biochemistry in the rabbit animal model in atherosclerosis research; a time- or stress-effect

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rabbits are widely used in biomedical research and especially as animal models in atherosclerosis studies. Blood biochemistry is used to monitor progression of disease, before final evaluation including pathology of arteries and organs. The aim of the present study was to assess the consistency of the biochemical profile of New Zealand White rabbits on standard diet from 3 to 6 months of age, during which they are often used experimentally.</p> <p>Methods and results</p> <p>Eight conventional male 3-month-old New Zealand White rabbits were used. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months later. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol concentrations, and alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase activities and malondialdehyde were measured. Statistically significant time-related changes were observed in glucose, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol, which were not correlated with aortic lesions at 6 months of age. Similarly, hepatic enzyme activity had significant time-related changes, without a corresponding liver pathology.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Age progression and stress due to single housing may be the underlying reasons for these biochemistry changes. These early changes, indicative of metabolic alterations, should be taken into account even in short-term lipid/atherosclerosis studies, where age and standard diet are not expected to have an effect on the control group of a study.</p

The acute effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G” on mean platelet volume levels during hypoxia reoxygenation injury in rats

AbstractBackgroundThis experimental study examined the effect of the antioxidant drug “U-74389G”, on a rat model and particularly in a hypoxia – reoxygenation protocol. The effects of that molecule were studied hematologically using blood mean platelets volume (MPV) levels.Methods40 rats of mean weight 231.875g were used in the study. MPV levels were measured at 60min of reoxygenation (groups A and C) and at 120min of reoxygenation (groups B and D). The drug U-74389G was administered only in groups C and D.ResultsU-74389G administration kept significantly increased the predicted MPV levels by 12.77±3.07% (p=0.0001). Reoxygenation time non-significantly decreased the predicted MPV levels by 2.55±3.71% (p=0.4103). However, U-74389G administration and reoxygenation time together kept significantly increased the predicted MPV levels by 7.09±1.91% (p=0.0005).ConclusionsU-74389G administration whether it interacted or not with reoxygenation time kept significantly increased the predicted MPV levels. This finding has great clinical interest in blood clotting and coagulation pathophysiology

Влияние антиоксидантного препарата U-74389G на концентрацию магния при гипоксии–реоксигенации у крыс

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug U-74389G in a rat model of hypoxia reoxygenation using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatments were evaluated by magnesium (Mg2+) levels in blood. Methods: Nonrandomized controlled study was performed. Mg2+ levels were determined in 60 min (groups A and C) and 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas rats from groups C and D were administered with U-74389G. Results: 40 rats 1618 weeks old of a mean weight of 2312 g were employed in the study. It is demonstrated that U-74389G administration did not alter the Mg2+ levels (decrease in Mg2+ concentration was 0.282.75%; p =0.917). Reoxygenation non-significantly increased the Mg2+ levels by 4.272.66% (p =0.107). Together, the U-74389G administration and reoxygenation non-significantly increased the Mg2+ levels by 0.361.64% (p =0.823). Conclusion: U-74389G administration, alone or in concert with reoxygenation did not significantly affect Mg2+ level in blood after experimental hypoxia in rats.Цель исследования: изучить влияние антиоксидантного лекарственного средства U-74389G на содержание магния (Mg2+) в сыворотке крови на примере крысиной модели гипоксииреоксигенации, используя ранее установленный протокол. Методы: проведено сравнительное нерандомизированное исследование. Эффективность лечения оценивали на основании данных о содержании Mg2+ в сыворотке крови. Концентрацию Mg2+ измеряли после эпизодов реоксигенации длительностью 60 (группы А и С) и 120 мин (группы B и D). Согласно протоколу, группам С и D вводили U-74389G, группам A и B не назначали никаких препаратов. Результаты: в исследовании использовали 40 крыс в возрасте 1618 нед со средней массой тела 231,875 г. Назначение U-74389G существенно не повлияло на концентрацию Mg2+ (отмечено снижение его содержания на 0,282,75%; p =0,917). Увеличение длительности эпизода реоксигенации несущественно повышало уровень Mg2+ (на 4,272,66%; p =0,107). Одновременное введение U-74389G и увеличение длительности эпизода реоксигенации незначительно увеличивали концентрацию Mg2+ (на 0,361,64%; p =0,823). Заключение: применение препарата U-74389G или единовременное его назначение вместе с процессом реоксигенации не оказывают существенного влияния на содержание Mg2+ в крови у крыс после экспериментальной гипоксии

Differential effect of Pistacia vera extracts on experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit animal model: an experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lipid-enriched diets and oxidative stress are risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. The effects of the methanolic (ME) and cyclohexane (CHE) extracts of the <it>Pistacia vera </it>nut, often included in the Mediterranean diet, were studied in the rabbit model of atherosclerosis.</p> <p>Methods and results</p> <p>Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits received atherogenic diet (Control Group), supplemented with ME (Group ME) or CHE (Group CHE) for 3 months. Previously, a GC-MS and a UHPLC LC-DAD-ESI(-)-HRMS/MS method were developed to investigate the extracts' chemical profiles. Blood samples at baseline and monthly determined lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and liver function. The aorta, myocardium and liver were examined histologically at 3 months.</p> <p>Groups ME and CHE had significantly higher HDL- and non-significantly lower LDL-cholesterol median % changes from baseline than the Control Group. Triacylglycerol was significantly higher in Group CHE vs. Control. MDA values were significantly lower in Group ME vs. Control and CHE. ALT and AST were significantly higher in Group CHE vs. Control. γ-GT was lower in Group ME vs. Control. Aortic intimal thickness was significantly less in Groups ME and CHE vs. Control; Group ME atherosclerotic lesions were significantly less extensive vs. Groups Control and CHE. Only Group CHE had significant liver fatty infiltration.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>During short-term administration concomitantly with atherogenic diet, both <it>P. vera </it>extracts were beneficial on HDL-, LDL-cholesterol and aortic intimal thickness. The ME additionally presented an antioxidant effect and significant decrease of aortic surface lesions. These results indicate that <it>P. vera </it>dietary inclusion, in particular its ME, is potentially beneficial in atherosclerosis management.</p