Additional file 1: Figure S1. of A systematic review and meta-analysis of carbohydrate benefits associated with randomized controlled competition-based performance trials

Effects of carbohydrate interventions as compared to placebo on time required to finish a time trial. Forest plot shows pooled standardized mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for 6 randomized controlled trials. Subgroup analyses show the results for carbohydrate concentrations ranging between 6–8 % and 10–12 %, respectively. The diamond at the bottom of the graph and the subgroups represents the pooled mean difference with the 95 % CI for all trials following fixed effect meta-analyses. GLU = glucose; FRU = fructose; MAL = maltodextrin; SUC = sucrose. Title: File format: tiff (TIF 7950 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of A systematic review and meta-analysis of carbohydrate benefits associated with randomized controlled competition-based performance trials

Effects of carbohydrate interventions as compared to placebo on mean power output. Forest plot shows pooled standardized mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for 4 randomized controlled trials. Subgroup analyses show the results for exercise duration shorter than 90 min or longer than 90 min, respectively. The diamond at the bottom of the graph and the subgroups represents the pooled mean difference with the 95 % CI for all trials following fixed effect meta-analyses. (TIF 5891 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S3. of A systematic review and meta-analysis of carbohydrate benefits associated with randomized controlled competition-based performance trials

Effects of carbohydrate interventions as compared to placebo on mean power output. Forest plot shows pooled standardized mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for 5 randomized controlled trials. Subgroup analyses show the results for carbohydrate concentrations ranging between 6–8 % and 12–18 %, respectively. The diamond at the bottom of the graph and the subgroups represents the pooled mean difference with the 95 % CI for all trials following fixed effect meta-analyses. GLU = glucose; FRU = fructose. (TIF 7339 kb