The antimicrobial volatile power of the rhizospheric isolate <i>Pseudomonas donghuensis</i> P482 - Fig 4

<p>(A) Average hyphae radius of <i>P</i>. <i>ultimum</i> and <i>R</i>. <i>solani</i> after 4 days of incubation exposed and not exposed (NC) to pure volatile organic compounds: S-methyl thioacetate (MTA), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and combination of MTA and DMDS. Significant difference between samples are indicated by different letters (one-way ANOVA, post hoc t-test p < 0.05), error bars represents standard deviation of the mean. (B) Photos of <i>R</i>. <i>solani</i> cultures exposed (+) and not exposed (-) to MTA.</p

Number of colony forming units (cfu) of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> AD21 and <i>Agrobacterium</i> sp. AD140 after overnight exposure to volatiles emitted by <i>P</i>. <i>donghuensis</i> P482 and control without bacterial volatiles.

<p>Error bars represents standard deviation of the mean.</p

qRT-PCR results representing absolute gene expression of gene cluster Pf0-1_3463 obtained at day 6 (nutrient rich media).

<p>Error bars are indicating standard deviation (SD) between the triplicates. Significant differences between the qRT-PCR based gene expression by Pf0-1 in monocultures and mixed cultures is indicated by an asterisk (p≤0.05).</p

Volatile compounds identified in the headspace <i>P</i>. <i>donghuensis</i> P482 wt not present in the KN3318 gacA mutant culture.

<p>Volatile compounds identified in the headspace <i>P</i>. <i>donghuensis</i> P482 wt not present in the KN3318 gacA mutant culture.</p

Average hyphae radius after 4 days (<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>), 7 days (<i>Fusarium cilmorum</i>) and 5 days (<i>Pythium ultimum</i>) of incubation under influence of volatiles emitted by <i>P</i>. <i>donghuensis</i> P482 wt, KN3318 mutant and non-treated control (NC).

<p>Significant difference between sample and control are indicated by asterisk (one-way ANOVA), error bars represents standard deviation of the mean.</p

Overview of the twelve microcosm treatments.

<p>Overview of the twelve microcosm treatments.</p

Cell counts of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 at day 1 and day 6 under (A) nutrient rich and (B) nutrient poor conditions.

<p>Significant differences between the numbers of Pf0-1 in monoculture and in mixed cultures are indicated with an asterisk (p≤0.05). Error bars are indicating standard deviation (SD) between the triplicates. Abbreviations: Pf0-1: <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Pf0-1, PB: <i>Pedobacter</i> sp. V48, BAC: <i>Bacillus</i> sp. V102.</p

The list of the bacterial, fungal and oomycetes strains used in this study.

<p>The list of the bacterial, fungal and oomycetes strains used in this study.</p

Data obtained from MetaboAnalyst 3.0 and GC-MS results.

<p>(A) PLS-DA plot of VOC’s produced by <i>P</i>. <i>donghuensis</i> P482 and KN3318 mutant with media as a control (triplicates); (B) TIC chromatographs from GC-MS analysis showing different peaks between <i>P</i>. <i>donghuensis</i> P482 and KN3318 mutant. Significant peaks that differ between wild type and mutant are indicated by asterisk. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is indicated by “#”.</p

Bacterial strains and used antibiotics / selection method applied in the selective cell counting.

<p>Bacterial strains and used antibiotics / selection method applied in the selective cell counting.</p