The Difference of the Complex Formation of the Samarium (3+) Ion with the L-malic Acid as Compared to the Neodymium (3+) Ion

The complex formation of the neodymium Nd3+ ion and the samarium Sm3+ ion with L-malic acid (H3Mal) in the aqueous solutions was studied by pH-metric titration in pH region 2.80 to 10.00 and constant ionic strength 0.1 M KCl at 25 °C. The ratios of the concentrations of the rare-earth elements (Ln) and the L-malic acid were 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2. The number of experimental points of each curve of pH-metric titration was 160-190 at 5-6 independent titrations. Inasmuch as the literature data give mainly the dissociation constants for the racemic DL-malic acid, acid-base equilibria of L-malic acid at ionic strength of 0.1 M KCl were also previously studied in pH 3.1-11.0 range. The number of experimental points for the each titration curve of L-malic acid was 70-100 at 8 independent titrations. The dissociation constants of Lmalic acid were calculated. The compositions and the stability constants of the rare-earth element complexes with L-malic acid were calculated by SuperQuad program for complex equilibria. It was shown, that in addition to 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with differently deprotonated L-malic acid, the hydroxocomplexes and protonated complexes of the rare-earth elements are also formed. The difference of the complex formation of the Sm3+ ion with Lmalic acid as compared to the Nd3+ ion was discussed

Spin physics with antiprotons

New possibilities arising from the availability at GSI of antiproton beams, possibly polarised, are discussed. The investigation of the nucleon structure can be boosted by accessing in Drell-Yan processes experimental asymmetries related to cross-sections in which the parton distribution functions (PDF) only appear, without any contribution from fragmentation functions; such processes are not affected by the chiral suppression of the transversity function $h_1(x)$. Spin asymmetries in hyperon production and Single Spin Asymmetries are discussed as well, together with further items like electric and magnetic nucleonic form factors and open charm production. Counting rates estimations are provided for each physical case. The sketch of a possible experimental apparatus is proposed.Comment: Presented for the proceedings of ASI "Spin and Symmetry", Prague, July 5-10, 2004, to be published in Czech. J. Phys. 55 (2005