Characteristics of dogs tested in the study.

<p>Characteristics of dogs tested in the study.</p

Seroprevalence of Sandfly‐Borne Phleboviruses Belonging to Three Serocomplexes (<i>Sandfly fever Naples</i>, <i>Sandfly fever Sicilian</i> and <i>Salehabad</i>) in Dogs from Greece and Cyprus Using Neutralization Test - Fig 1

<p>Geographic distribution of neutralising antibodies against Toscana virus (panel A), Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (panel B), Arbia virus (panel C) in Greece, using ArcGIS 10). Panel D represent the localisation of regions listed in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005063#pntd.0005063.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Seroprevalence of 1,250 dog sera from Greece.

<p>Seroprevalence of 1,250 dog sera from Greece.</p

Seroprevalence of 442 dog sera from Cyprus.

<p>Seroprevalence of 442 dog sera from Cyprus.</p

Immunogenicity and Diagnostic Potential of Synthetic Antigenic Cell Surface Glycans of <i>Leishmania</i>

Detection and quantification of pathogen-derived antigenic structures is a key method for the initial diagnosis and follow-up of various infectious diseases. Complex parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis require highly sensitive and specific tests prior to treatment with potentially toxic drugs. To investigate the diagnostic potential of cell surface glycans found on <i>Leishmania</i> parasites, we identified diagnostically relevant glycan epitopes and used synthetic glycan microarrays to screen sera from infected humans and dogs. On the basis of the screening results, we selected a tetrasaccharide to generate anti-glycan antibodies. The corresponding tetrasaccharide-carrier protein conjugate was immunogenic in mice, and sera obtained from immunized mice specifically detected the <i>Leishmania</i> parasite. These results demonstrate how synthetic glycan arrays, in combination with immunological methods, help to identify promising carbohydrate antigens for pathogen detection