Ascorbic acid Beta-Carotene and Amino acids in Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) during fruit development in Himalayan Hills

Capsicum varieties viz HC-201 & HC-202 developed at ARU, Almora took 35 days from fruit set to ripening. Results showed significant positive correlation for ascorbic acid and Beta-carotene with days to maturity. Out of eight ninhydrin positive products, only seven could be identified viz, hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, 5-alanine, arginine, threonine and methionine, at the later stages of the fruit development. All amino acids except methionine were found either absent or in traces at the earlier stages of fruit development

Certain seasonal characteristic features of oceanic heat budget components over the indian seas in relation to the summer monsoon activity over India

The present study has been undertaken to examine the oceanic heat budget components and their variability over the Indian seas in relation to the extreme monsoon activity (flood/drought) over the Indian subcontinent. For this purpose, various components of oceanic heat budget have been analysed for pre-monsoon (March-May), monsoon (June-September), post-monsoon (October-December) and winter (January-February) seasons over India. The data base used in this study consists of mean monthly marine meteorological fields for 30 years (1950-1979), which is a part of the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) analysed at 1° latitude by 1° longitude resolution. The mean fields of incoming shortwave radiation flux over the Indian seas in different seasons vary in accordance to the sun's position and cloud cover variations. The latent heat flux undergoes considerable seasonal variations, particularly over the Arabian Sea. There is a dominance of latent heat flux (representing the oceanic heat loss) over shortwave solar flux (representing the oceanic heat gain) during the monsoon season, which results in a zone of net oceanic heat loss over the central Arabian Sea. This feature produces a positive feedback for the maintenance of deep cumulus convection over the Arabian Sea in this season. It is also found that oceanic heat budget components over the Indian seas exhibit significant variability in relation to the extreme monsoon activity leading to flood/drought over India. Based on the above analysis, mean monthly variations of the oceanic heat budget components over three smaller sectors of the Indian seas, namely west equatorial Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, are also examined. The variations are found to be considerably different between the two extreme categories of the monsoon. It becomes evident from this study that the oceanic sectors of west equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal experience a large reduction of net heat flux from April to May prior to a flood monsoon season over India. This suggests that a spectacular increase of latent heat flux and decrease of shortwave flux occurs over these oceanic sectors, leading to a sharp reduction of net heat flux

First passage time of N excluded volume particles on a line

Motivated by recent single molecule studies of proteins sliding on a DNA molecule, we explore the targeting dynamics of N particles ("proteins") sliding diffusively along a line ("DNA") in search of their target site (specific target sequence). At lower particle densities, one observes an expected reduction of the mean first passage time proportional to 1/N**2, with corrections at higher concentrations. We explicitly take adsorption and desorption effects, to and from the DNA, into account. For this general case, we also consider finite size effects, when the continuum approximation based on the number density of particles, breaks down. Moreover, we address the first passage time problem of a tagged particle diffusing among other particles.Comment: 9 pages, REVTeX, 6 eps figure

Seasonal Abundance of Adult and Immature Aedes Aegypti (L.) in Jakarta

Dari bulan Mei 1973 sampai bulan Juni 1974 telah dilakukan pengamatan nyamuk Aedes aegypti stadium dewasa dan larva di keempat daerah kota yang berpenduduk padat di Jakarta Raya. Pengamatan dikerjakan 2 kali dalam satu bulan Daya tarik nyamuk terhadap manusia rata-rata 1.2 induk betina dan 1.6 untuk nyamuk jantan tiap orang tiap jam. Dalam 100 rumah diketemukan rata-rata 180 buah bejana berisi air, dimana 58 buah positif; Container index (persentasi bejana yang tositif) 32 persen House index (persentasi rumah yang positif) adalah 47 persen dan Breteau index jumlah bejana positif dalam 100 rumah) adalah 58. Kepadatan nyamuk baik larva maupun dewasa rata-rata hampir sama sepanjang tahun, (tidak ada perbedaan pada musim hujan dan musim panas), temperatur dan kelembaban juga rata-rata hampir sama sepanjang tahun. hampir semua tempat perindukan terdapat didalam rumah, hingga sedikit sekali bejana diluar rumah yang terisi oleh air hujan dalam musim hujan

Merkel cell carcinoma masquerading as cellulitis: A case report and review of the literature

© 2018 Multimed Inc. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon malignancy of the skin arising from cells located in the deeper layers of the epidermis called Merkel cells. This malignancy rarely presents as a metastatic disease, and the field is therefore deficient in regards to management. We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with a presumptive diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the left fifth digit that was resistant to treatment with antibiotics; she underwent debridement of the digit that revealed MCC and was later to have metastatic disease to her lungs, liver, and musculoskeletal system. The management of MCC, although simple in the early stage of the disease, can become challenging when it is more advanced. Multiple new modalities for its treatment have emerged over the last few years, and more recently, clinical trials are being conducted for the use of immunotherapy agents in the treatment of this malignancy

Phenotyping of type 2 diabetes mellitus at onset on the basis of fasting incretin tone: Results of a two-step cluster analysis

Aims/Introduction: According to some authors, in type 2 diabetes there is a reduced postprandial action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). However, little is known about the role of fasting incretins in glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to evaluate, through a two-step cluster analysis, the possibility of phenotyping patients with type 2 diabetes at onset on the basis of fasting GLP-1, GIP and ghrelin. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes within 6 months of onset (mean age 62.40 \ub1 6.36 years) were cross-sectionally studied. Clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated. At fasting the following were carried out: assay of GLP-1, GIP, ghrelin, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and a panel of adipocytokines (visfatin, resistin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor and adiponectin). Results: The analysis resulted in two clusters: cluster 1 (63 patients) had significantly lower levels of GLP-1 (4.93 \ub1 0.98 vs 7.81 \ub1 1.98 pmol/L; P < 0.001), GIP (12.73 \ub1 9.44 vs 23.88 \ub1 28.56 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and ghrelin (26.54 \ub1 2.94 vs 39.47 \ub1 9.84 pmol/L; P < 0.001) compared with cluster 2 (33 patients). Between the two clusters, no differences in age, duration of disease, sex, clinical-anthropometric parameters, insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines were highlighted. However, cluster 1 was associated with significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (7.4 \ub1 0.61 vs 6.68 \ub1 0.57%, P = 0.007), glucagon (232.02 \ub1 37.27 vs 183.33 \ub1 97.29 ng/L; P = 0.001), fasting glucose (7.85 \ub1 1.60 vs 6.93 \ub1 1.01 mmol/L; P = 0.003) and significantly lower levels of C-peptide (0.12 \ub1 0.11 vs 0.20 \ub1 0.20 nmol/L; P = 0.017). Conclusions: The present study suggests that fasting incretins play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, which requires to further investigation

Daytime sodium airglow emission measurements over Trivandrum using a scanning monochromator: first results

This paper presents measurement of daytime Sodium (Na) airglow emissions at 589.6 nm wavelength using a ground based 1-m scanning monochromator from Trivandrum (8.5° N, 77° E, 0.5° N dip latitude), a near-equatorial station in India. The Na emission intensity exhibits significant temporal variability within a day and from one day to another. The Na intensity has been compared with the daytime OH airglow intensity at 731.6 nm simultaneously measured using the unique Multiwavelength Dayglow Photometer (MWDPM). The temporal variabilities of the Na and OH intensities corroborate each other in most of the occasions without any appreciable time delay, although a small time delay up to ˜10 min has been observed at times. It appears that the variability of daytime Na emissions is influenced too by the photo-chemical excitations. The observed similarities in the Na and OH intensities are believed to be due to the similar roles played by [O] and O3 (in their photo-chemical excitations) and the dynamics occurring at about the same altitude region (˜90 km). It has also been found that the gravity waves play significant role in producing the short-scale oscillations in these emissions