Phylogenetic relationships among basal Hexapods inferred from Maximum parsimony of 13 protein-coding sequences.

<p>1 Protura species, 10 Collembola species and 3 Diplura species were used as the outgroup. Numbers denoted bootstrap values in percentages.</p

Phylogenetic relationships among basal Hexapods inferred from Bayesian analysis of 13 protein-coding sequences.

<p>1 Protura species, 10 Collembola species and 3 Diplura species were used as the outgroup. Numbers denoted posterior probabilities of nodes.</p

Phylogenetic tree yielded by G12 dataset.

<p>All conserved regions after being aligned were retained. Phylogenetic analyses were based on first and second codon positions of 13 protein-coding genes. The tree was rooted with the sequences of two outgroup species: <i>Onychiurus orientalis</i> and <i>Campodea lubbocki</i>. Almost the same topologies were obtained in G12 dataset compared with W12 dataset.</p

Phylogenetic relationships among basal Hexapods inferred from Maximum parsimony analysis of protein-coding gene sequences.

<p>2 Crustacean species <i>Capitulum mitella</i> and <i>Pollicipes mitella</i> were used as the outgroup. Numbers denoted bootstrap values in percentages.</p

Phylogenetic relationships among basal Hexapods inferred from Bayesian analysis of protein-coding gene sequences.

<p>2 Crustacean species <i>Capitulum mitella</i> and <i>Pollicipes mitella</i> were used as the outgroup. Numbers denoted posterior probabilities of nodes.</p

Phylogenetic tree yielded by W12 dataset.

<p>All indels after being aligned were reserved in this dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were based on first and second codon positions of 13 protein-coding genes. The tree was rooted with the sequences of two outgroup species: <i>Onychiurus orientalis</i> and <i>Campodea lubbocki</i>. From W12 dataset, the paraphyly of Machilidae and its subfamily Machilinae was obtained in all algorithms.</p

List of taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses.

<p>List of taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses.</p

Silicon Spiro Double Helicene-like Compounds Based on Dithieno­[2,3‑<i>b</i>:3′,2′‑<i>d</i>]­thio­phene: Syntheses and Crystal Structures

Silicon spiro carbon–sulfur double helicene-like compounds <b>1</b> and <i>rac-</i><b>2</b> were synthesized from 2,5-bis-trimethyl­silanyl­dithieno­[2,3-<i>b</i>:3′,2′-<i>d</i>]­thio­phene, with total yields of 17% and 7%, respectively. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra and X-ray crystallographic analysis showed the predicted 4-fold symmetry for <b>1</b> and <i>rac-</i><b>2</b> and confirmed their spiro double helicene-like spatial configurations. The absorption behavior of compounds <b>1</b> and <i>rac-</i><b>2</b> was also investigated

Synthesis for the Mesomer and Racemate of Thiophene-Based Double Helicene under Irradiation

In this work, the racemate and mesomer of the thiophene-based naphthalene-cored double helicenes (<b>1</b>) were obtained efficiently by one-pot photocyclization of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis­(dithieno­[2,3-<i>b</i>:3′,2′-<i>d</i>]­thiophen-2-yl)­ethene in the presence of iodine in dry benzene. The structure of <i>meso</i>-<b>1a</b> was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The chiral resolution of the racemate was carried out by chiral HPLC, and the chiral properties, such as CD spectra, optical rotations, and half-life of enantiomers were characterized

Synthesis for the Mesomer and Racemate of Thiophene-Based Double Helicene under Irradiation

In this work, the racemate and mesomer of the thiophene-based naphthalene-cored double helicenes (<b>1</b>) were obtained efficiently by one-pot photocyclization of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis­(dithieno­[2,3-<i>b</i>:3′,2′-<i>d</i>]­thiophen-2-yl)­ethene in the presence of iodine in dry benzene. The structure of <i>meso</i>-<b>1a</b> was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The chiral resolution of the racemate was carried out by chiral HPLC, and the chiral properties, such as CD spectra, optical rotations, and half-life of enantiomers were characterized