A five-year retrospective analysis of clinical, pathological and treatment aspects on stomach cancer from a regional cancer centre in north east India

Background: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, which generally presents in advanced stage and have poor prognosis. Methods: Retrospective study including 101 cases was done at the Regional Cancer Centre in North East India from January, 2018 to December, 2022 on the clinical, pathological and treatment aspects of stomach cancer. Results: Median age of diagnosis was 59 years, with high male: female ratio. Most common risk factor was tobacco smoking and chewing. Most common symptom was pain abdomen followed by nausea or vomiting. Antrum was the most common tumor location, and gastric outlet obstruction was present in 10.9% patients. Histologically, all patients had adenocarcinoma, with metastasis found in 47 patients. Out of the 101 patients enrolled in the study, 50 patients were treated with curative intent and the remaining 51 patients were treated with palliative intent. Patients were treated with surgery, preoperative/ adjuvant/ palliative chemotherapy and/or curative/ palliative radiotherapy. Conclusions: This study showed tobacco use as an important risk factor for stomach cancer. Majority of our patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus having poor prognosis. Hence, avoidance of risk factors, early detection of signs and symptoms, and aggressive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and/ or radiotherapy is required for management of stomach cancer

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Pre-treatment Enhances the Germination and Early Growth of Aquilaria agallocha Lam. (Agarwood)

The imposition of pre-sowing treatment has been playing a crucial role for enhancing the germination percentage of the forest species and its succeeding growth stages. On this contention, a preliminary study was conducted to understand the impact of different pre-sowing treatments on Aquilaria agallocha Lam. (Agarwood) and its early growth behaviour. In this present study, the seeds were subjected to six different pre-sowing treatments. Among the pre-sowing treatments, soaking in water at room temperature for 24 hrs (T3) has resulted the maximum germination percentage (55.25%) as compared to other counterparts. On an average, there was an increase of 49%, 47%, 38%, 40% and 49% of germination percentage, germination capacity, germination energy, peak value and mean daily germination respectively in T3 over control (T6). Similarly, the early seedling growth of the agarwood was also influenced by imposition of different pre-sowing treatments. And all the seedling growth parameters viz., shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling length (cm) and seedling vigour index were recorded maximum in T3 as compared to rest of the treatments

Mortality pattern of Murrah buffalo males in an organised herd

Aim: The present study was carried out to analyze mortality pattern in Murrah buffalo males in National Dairy Research Institute herd. Materials and Methods: Records of 1029 Murrah buffalo males born during the period 1997-2012, at NDRI, Karnal, were analyzed to study mortality pattern in different age groups. The percent of animal disposed from the herd due to different reasons was calculated by proportion using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall percent mortality in 0-1m, 1-2m, 2-3m, 3-6m, 6-18m, 18m-3 yr and >3 year age groups were 17.49, 5.99, 3.34, 5.42, 6.35, 2.59 and 3.93, respectively. The main cause of mortality in 0-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 6-18 m of age groups was respiratory problems (6.61%, 1.79%, 1.06% and 1.97% respectively). Main causes of mortality in age group 3-6 months were general debility (1.57%) followed by respiratory and digestive problems (1.22%), miscellaneous (0.87%), liver and urinary problems (0.17%). Mortality could not reveal any consistent trend across different seasons and period of birth. General debility (1.29%) followed by toxemia, liver problems and miscellaneous reasons were main causes of mortality in age group 18 m – 3 yr of age. In males above three years of age, general debility (2.81%) followed by respiratory problems (1.12%) were the main causes of mortality. Conclusion: Intensive health care and management is required for young male buffalo calves especially in hot humid months of rainy season and cold inclement weather conditions in winter months to minimize mortality due to respiratory and digestive problems

Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.7/May-2014/17.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mortality pattern of Murrah buffalo males in an organised herd

Mortality pattern of Murrah buffalo males in an organised herd, Veterinary World 7(5): 356-359. Aim: The present study was carried out to analyze mortality pattern in Murrah buffalo males in National Dairy Research Institute herd. Materials and Methods: Records of 1029 Murrah buffalo males born during the period 1997-2012, at NDRI, Karnal, were analyzed to study mortality pattern in different age groups. The percent of animal disposed from the herd due to different reasons was calculated by proportion using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall percent mortality in 0-1m, 1-2m, 2-3m, 3-6m, 6-18m, 18m-3 yr and>3 year age groups were 17.49, 5.99, 3.34, 5.42, 6.35, 2.59 and 3.93, respectively. The main cause of mortality in 0-1, 1-2, 2-3 and 6-18 m of age groups was respiratory problems (6.61%, 1.79%, 1.06 % and 1.97 % respectively). Main causes of mortality in age group 3-6 months were general debility (1.57%) followed by respiratory and digestive problems (1.22%), miscellaneous (0.87%), liver and urinary problems (0.17%). Mortality could not reveal any consistent trend across different seasons and period of birth. General debility (1.29%) followed by toxemia, liver problems and miscellaneous reasons were main causes of mortality in age group 18 m – 3 yr of age. In males above three years of age, general debility (2.81%) followed by respiratory problems (1.12%) were the main causes of mortality

Antimalarial agents from medicinal plant and fungal sources

Malaria is the fourth major parasitic infectious disease for humans, causing severe symptoms and life-threatening complications, which, if untreated within 24–48 h may evolve in the fatality. In the past five decades, major initiatives in the treatment and prevention of this devastating disease have been implemented in endemic areas, leading to significant progress and declining trends. The majority of the reports presented here are focused on the activity of the extracts and fractions of plant or fungal origin: this approach has its rationale in the observation that crude materials are often more active than isolated compounds, due to the manifestation of beneficial synergistic and additional effects and/or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions. Consideration has been given to the antiplasmodial activities in relation to the different herbal part and nature of extracting solvents and to safety studies; whenever available, phytochemical fingerprint has been reported, disclosing a variety of unique molecular scaffolds with a potential as new pharmacophores. Despite the general lack of mechanistic information for the curative effects of the reported plants and fungi, these studies may undoubtedly pave the way to a new generation of antimalarial agents