The role of networks to overcome large-scale challenges in tomography : the non-clinical tomography users research network

Our ability to visualize and quantify the internal structures of objects via computed tomography (CT) has fundamentally transformed science. As tomographic tools have become more broadly accessible, researchers across diverse disciplines have embraced the ability to investigate the 3D structure-function relationships of an enormous array of items. Whether studying organismal biology, animal models for human health, iterative manufacturing techniques, experimental medical devices, engineering structures, geological and planetary samples, prehistoric artifacts, or fossilized organisms, computed tomography has led to extensive methodological and basic sciences advances and is now a core element in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) research and outreach toolkits. Tomorrow's scientific progress is built upon today's innovations. In our data-rich world, this requires access not only to publications but also to supporting data. Reliance on proprietary technologies, combined with the varied objectives of diverse research groups, has resulted in a fragmented tomography-imaging landscape, one that is functional at the individual lab level yet lacks the standardization needed to support efficient and equitable exchange and reuse of data. Developing standards and pipelines for the creation of new and future data, which can also be applied to existing datasets is a challenge that becomes increasingly difficult as the amount and diversity of legacy data grows. Global networks of CT users have proved an effective approach to addressing this kind of multifaceted challenge across a range of fields. Here we describe ongoing efforts to address barriers to recently proposed FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reuse) and open science principles by assembling interested parties from research and education communities, industry, publishers, and data repositories to approach these issues jointly in a focused, efficient, and practical way. By outlining the benefits of networks, generally, and drawing on examples from efforts by the Non-Clinical Tomography Users Research Network (NoCTURN), specifically, we illustrate how standardization of data and metadata for reuse can foster interdisciplinary collaborations and create new opportunities for future-looking, large-scale data initiatives

Virtual coupling of pyran protons in the 1H NMR spectra of C- and N-glucoronides: Dependence on substitution and solvent

We have observed that certain C-and N-glucuronides prepared as intermediates for breast cancer preventives demonstrate non-first order 1H NMR spectra that are not the result of impurities or degradation but are instead due to virtual coupling in the pyran proton network. This virtual coupling shows the expected dependence on solvent and field strength and, more importantly, on the nature of the C-1 substitution. Although the hybridization of the atom bonded to C-1 may play a role, it appears that steric and/or electronic factors, which have the effect of increasing Δv/J for H-3 and H-4, are critical for eliminating the spectral complexity. These observations, which appear to be fairly general, suggest that this phenomenon should be considered when addressing the purity of pharmaceutical agents containing these types of structural units