High anorectal malformation in a five-month-old boy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Anorectal malformation, one of the most common congenital defects, may present with a wide spectrum of defects. Almost all male patients present within first few days of life.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A five-month-old baby boy of Indian origin and nationality presented with anal atresia and associated rectourethral prostatic fistula. The anatomy of the malformation and our patient's good condition permitted a primary definitive repair of the anomaly. A brief review of the relevant literature is included.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Delayed presentation of a patient with high anorectal malformation is rare. The appropriate treatment can be rewarding.</p

Role of Fibrin Glue as a Sealant to Esophageal Anastomosis in Cases of Congenital Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to characterize a successful approach for the management of infants with long-gap esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The goal was to preserve the native esophagus and minimize the incidence of esophageal anastomotic leaks using fibrin glue as a sealant over the esophageal anastomosis. Method A total of 52 patients were evaluated in this study. Only patients in whom, gap between the two ends of the esophagus was ‡ 2 cm were selected durin

Relationship between the bone density estimated by cone-beam computed tomography and the primary stability of dental implants

It enables more accurate three-dimensional evaluation of anatomic structures and directly measures the bone density. The density of the bone is usually expressed in Hounsfield units (HU)1 which is a parameter that provide the most important details about the available bone. A total of 18 fresh femoral heads of swine were taken for the study. The adjacent soft tissues have been removed completely and the surfaces of the bone blocks were made flat using a carbide bur. The thickness of each block was cross-checked using precision vernier calipers and maintained at more than 10 mm. Using the ISQ values as the independent variable, the standardized partial regression coefficients of the thickness of the cortical bone, the voxel value, and the length of the implant were 0.328, 0.306, and 0.422 respectively, all of them are significant variables. It has been observed that there was a correlation between the thickness of the cortical bone or the voxel values obtained from the CBCT scanning images prior to the implant placement and the implant stabilities

Assessment of potentially malignant disorders among men and women in South Bihar population

Oral cancer is detected in 270,000 people per annum or around 3% of all malignancies. It ranks sixth among males and twelve among females in terms of prevalence. Mostly, all oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are responsible for 92–95% of cases. Oral carcinoma starts five years before the average age of PMD patients, who range in age from 5th to 6th decade of life. Thus, the goal of this study is to identify any relevant risk factors and assess the incidence of oral possibly malignant disorders in both men and women living in rural Bhojpur District, Bihar. A cross-sectional study has been carried out at the Sadar Hospital in Bhojpur by surveying volunteers at various oral health screening and treatment camps held from January 2022 to July 2022. A pre-validated questionnaire adapted and modified from Kumar S et al. was utilized to collect data in a qualitative interview. It was discovered that (17%) of all people had an oral possibly malignant disease. OSMF was the lesion with the greatest prevalence (7%) and lichen planus having the smallest prevalence (1%). Malignancy frequently develops from oral potential malignant diseases. Diabetes and BMI were inversely related, which is expected provided the socioeconomic position

Single system ectopic ureter in females: A single center study

The purpose of this study was to inquire into the clinical features and methods for the diagnosis and management of single-system ectopic ureters associated with renal dysplasia. Materials and Methods: A total of 13 female patients were studied. Main stay of diagnosis was ultrasonography of KUB region and intravenous urography and renal scan was used to confirm the diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation was done in all cases for documentation of renal dysplasia. Result: In eight cases ectopic ureter with dysplastic kidney was seen on left side and in five it was on right side. All the patients were treated with nephroureterectomy of the affected side because of poor functioning of ipsilateral dysplastic kidney. Conclusion: Continuous urinary incontinence in females with a normal voiding pattern should prompt an evaluation for ureteric ectopia and when initial evaluation yields diagnosis of solitary kidney the clinician should be aware of the possibility of a hypoplastic and/or dysplastic on one side and normally functioning kidney on opposite side. Nephroureterectomy is the treatment of choice for unilateral single system ectopic ureter with renal dysplasia of affected side

A study on the evaluation of tooth brushing skills and its relation with the age and gender of children

The present study was undertaken for studying tooth brushing skills and its relation with the age and gender of children. A total of 100 school going children were assessed during the study period. A questionnaire was framed and was given to all the participants. The questionnaire included detailed knowledge about their brushing habits. Type of brushing habit was assessed among all the children. Also assessment was done in relation to age and gender. All the results were analysed by SPSS software. 41 percent of the subjects gave history of brushing once daily. Combined method of brushing was seen in 36 percent of the subjects while 35 percent of the subjects gave history of brushing with horizontal method. Non-significant results were obtained while assessing the tooth brushing skills in relation with the age and gender of children. Brushing regularly is a low-cost, effective strategy to reduce the risk of childhood caries. Community-based efforts can help parents achieve this important health behaviour

Effect of the use of snuff on the levels of interleukin-1 β and interleukin-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients

Background: Use of smokeless tobacco in the form of moist snuff placed in the oral cavity is popular in rural India. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the effect of snuff on periodontitis by assessing interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were selected for this study. 40 subjects presented with periodontitis, which included 20 snuff users (SP) and 20 nonsnuff users (NS). 20 periodontally healthy patients formed the controls (healthy control: HC). The clinical parameters recorded were gingival index (GI), plaque index, calculus index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), recession (RC), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The IL-1 β and IL-8 levels were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Quantikine ®). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Tukey′s, Kruskal-Walli′s ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison among groups and P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was seen in levels of IL-1 β and IL-8 between SP and NS groups (P = 0.16, 0.97). However, both the periodontitis groups (SP and NS) had increased IL-β levels when compared to HC group (P = 0.01, 0.001). The snuff users showed significant increase in GI, BOP, RC, and CAL when compared with NS (P = 0.002, 0.001, 0.012, 0.002) whereas NS group had significant increase in PD (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, use of snuff does not affect the host inflammatory response associated with periodontitis and leads to RC and increased CAL due to local irritant effect

Single system ectopic ureter in females: A single center study

The purpose of this study was to inquire into the clinical features and methods for the diagnosis and management of single-system ectopic ureters associated with renal dysplasia. Materials and Methods: A total of 13 female patients were studied. Main stay of diagnosis was ultrasonography of KUB region and intravenous urography and renal scan was used to confirm the diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation was done in all cases for documentation of renal dysplasia. Result: In eight cases ectopic ureter with dysplastic kidney was seen on left side and in five it was on right side. All the patients were treated with nephroureterectomy of the affected side because of poor functioning of ipsilateral dysplastic kidney. Conclusion: Continuous urinary incontinence in females with a normal voiding pattern should prompt an evaluation for ureteric ectopia and when initial evaluation yields diagnosis of solitary kidney the clinician should be aware of the possibility of a hypoplastic and/or dysplastic on one side and normally functioning kidney on opposite side. Nephroureterectomy is the treatment of choice for unilateral single system ectopic ureter with renal dysplasia of affected side