Fuzzy Intelligent Controller for the Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Photovoltaic Module at Varying Atmospheric Conditions

This paper presents the modeling of a photovoltaic (PV) module at varying atmospheric conditions such as irradiation and temperature. It also includes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV module using conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method and fuzzy logic controller. For the performance analysis, the simulation of the PV module along with MPPT controller is done by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The voltage, current and power transitions at varying irradiation and temperature conditions is observed using conventional P&O and fuzzy logic based MPPT controllers. Finally the percentage improvement in power tracking time by fuzzy logic controller against the P&O controller has been evaluated Keywords: Photovoltaic Module, MPPT, P&O method, Fuzzy logic Controller, Irradiatio

Clinical outcomes in management of dislocation of carpometacarpal joints of hand: a rare orthopaedic presentation

Background: Dislocation of carpo-metacarpal (CMC) joints especially involving the 2nd and 3rd or paired dislocations, presents a rare pattern of orthopaedics hand injuries. They are associated with high energy trauma usually involving motorbike accidents. Severe soft tissue inflammation over the affected hand and associated injuries often makes detection of these fractures difficult. They require prompt management at presentation. Failure to be diagnosed and treated at early stage leads to joint stiffness, restrictions of wrist movement, deformity and sometimes ruptures of tendons crossing the wrist. Most of them require open reduction and internal fixation for stabilization. The objective of the study was to clinically evaluate outcomes in management of carpometacarpal joint dislocations.Methods: We prospectively studied 6 cases of CMC dislocation presenting at average of 1week from the original injury. All were clinically and radiologically evaluated. 3 cases were managed with open reduction and internal fixation with K wire and 1with closed manipulation and percutaneous k wire fixation and 1 case by arthrodesis of CMC joint. Functional assessment was done with Quick DASH score at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year.Results: All the patients went on to have good functional recovery. The average quick DASH score showed improvement from 77.39 to 4.07 over 1 year follow-up. Conclusions: Careful and meticulous examinations of hands are necessary in high velocity trauma cases to avoid missing diagnosis of CMC dislocation. ORIF remains the gold standard treatment which can also be used for cases presenting late, followed by aggressive post-op physiotherapy can lead to excellent recovery of hand function