INVESTIGATION OF VISUAL AND AUDITORY SIMPLE REACTION TIME OF 11-18 AGED YOUTH

The purpose of our study was to investigate visual and auditory basic reaction time differences in age groups of 11-18 youth. Totally 802 male (n = 401) and female (n = 401) sedentary children in the age groups as 11 (n = 87), 12 (n = 111), 13 (n = 100), and 14 (n = 104), 15 (n = 100), 16 (n = 100), 17 (n = 100), 18 (n = 100) voluntarily participated in this study. Computerized reaction time tests (VRT: www.humanbenchmark.com; ART: cognitivefun.net) was used for visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART). Reaction time was measured five times, and the mean variable saved as millisecond in both tests. There was no statistical significance observed between male and female children (p > 0.05). Significant difference was found in VRT and ART parameters between age categories (p < 0.05). Significances were determined between 18 and 15 age groups, between 17 and 15 age groups and 16, between 15 age groups,  14 and 11, 12 age groups, between 13 and 11, 12 age groups, both VRT and ART (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it could be said that sedentary children perform faster reaction with increasing age between 11-18 years.  Article visualizations

Some Biochemical Responses in Cigarette Addicts who Receive Royal Jelly Supplement

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase, urea and creatine kinase in cigarette addicts of Royal Jelly supplementatio.Methods: Cigarette addict control group (n=10) and cigarette addict supplement group (n=10) were divided into twogroups. The supplementation group was given liquid royal jelly (n=10/1000 mg/day), which was at the same time everymorning for three weeks. In order to determine AST, ALT, urea and creatine kinase levels in both groups, blood sampleswere analyzed. SPSS 22.0 package program was used for statistical analysis. Paired Sample t-Test was used for the comparisonof the pre and post tests of the groups and Independent t-test was used for the comparison of the two groups.Results: In the analysis of AST, ALT and urea levels between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group receivingroyal jelly supplementation and the control group, no statistical significance was found (p>0.05); creatine kinaselevel was found statistically significant in favor of posttest in experimental group (p<0.05).Conclusion: As a result of this study, royal jelly supplementation at a dose of 1000 mg/day for three weeks did not affectAST, ALT and urea levels in cigarette addicts; creatine kinase level positively

ACUTE EFFECT OF CIRCUIT AEROBIC AND TRADITIONAL AEROBIC TRAINING ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY IN SEDENTARY WOMEN

The aim of this study is investigation of acute effect of circuit aerobic exercise and traditional aerobic exercise on hamstring muscle flexibility in sedentary women. Forty four sedentary women voluntarily participated in this study as subject. Subjects divided two groups as circuit aerobic training group (n=24), and traditional aerobic training group (n=20). For hamstring flexibility, modified sit and reach test was used. The test was applied three times as: before warm-up (T1), after immediately warm-up (T2), and after immediately exercise (T3). For warm-up intervention, 15 min mild running and static stretching were performed. Traditional aerobic exercise intervention consisted of 30 min moderate interval treadmill running. Circuit aerobic exercise intervention consisted of 30 min, 3x4 station (bench-step, jumping rope, cycling, treadmill running), and all station maintained to 3 min load with 2 min rest. Both training intervention performed at 65-75% HRmax that controlled with chest band. For statistical analysis, 2x3 mixed factor ANOVA and Bonferroni correction were used. Hamstring flexibility determined in the traditional aerobic exercise group as T1 by 13.90±4.22 cm, T2 by 19.90±4.55 cm, T3 by 29.45±6.54 cm; in the circuit aerobic exercise group as T1 by 21.20±6.89 cm, T2 by 24.08±6.67 cm, T3 by 25.62±6.67 cm. Differences between the three measurements of both groups were found statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). There were significant differences between T3 and T1-T2; and between T2 and T1 in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). Differences in traditional aerobic exercise group were found more significant than circuit aerobic exercise group (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, it could be said that hamstring flexibility increased after aerobic exercise, and at this point, traditional aerobic exercise has one step ahead of circuit aerobic exercise.  Article visualizations

THE EFFECT OF 4-WEEKLY LOW INTENSITY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM IN THYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of 4 weeks of low intensity physical activity program on thyroid hormone levels in obese and overweight boys. A total of 27 boys in the 12-14 age range; obese group 12 and overweight group 15 were divided into two groups. Children who participated in the study during the 4 weeks 3 days a week, games and sporting selected time period of 60 minutes a day walking program applied increasingly. TSH, T3 and T4 levels were determined in blood samples taken at rest 1 day before and one day after the 4 week training program. In the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, SPSS package program SPSS 22.0 statistical program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, ABD)  was used. Paired Samples T tests were used to analyze the difference between the Independent Samples T and the pre-test and post-test of the groups in the comparison of the binary groups. At the end of the study, body weight and T3 values of obese subjects (n = 12) and body weight, BMI and T3 values of overweight group were found to be significantly different between pre-test and post-test (p &lt;0.05). In the analysis of pre-test and post-test differences of measured characteristics of obese and overweight subjects, no significant difference was found (p&gt;0,05). As a result; of obese and overweight boys in the 12-14 age range in the 4-week low intensity physical activity program it can be said to cause changes in thyroid hormone levels.  Article visualizations

A RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF RELATIVE AGE EFFECTIVENESS IN SPORTS TERMINATION

Development in children; may vary according to the growth stages. Therefore, the age factor is one of the most controversial topics in child training. Children belonging to the same age group develop at different speeds and at different times according to each other. Because of the rapid development of childhood during puberty, even during the birth of the age of the developmental superiority can be seen even at birth. This suggests that children may fall into disadvantages within the same age group, according to the birth month. It is believed that children are affected by this disadvantage as well as external factors in sport finishing. The Naili Moran Age Groups Races organized by the Turkish Athletics Federation (TAF) to strengthen infrastructure work include sportspeople aged 12-15 years. The study was based on the participation of these age groups for the 2016 and 2017 seasons, and the data was downloaded from the TAF website. In the study, the achievement levels of 328 athletes (n = 172) and male (n = 156) were examined. In this study, four quarters of a year were separated and success and failure rates of the athletes were determined according to the quarters. For statistical analysis, in the SPSS 22.0 program, independent samples t test, one way ANOVA and LSD correction tests were used. When the months of birth of the male and female athletes were examined, it was seen that the births were higher in the first quarter of the year for each age group. It was observed that the athletes born in the first quarter were more successful than the athletes born in the other quarters. It was determined that the athletes who continued the sports in the following year (2017) were successful and the athletes who had dropped in the following year had a failed year in the 2016 season. It is thought that the bad grades obtained in the termination of the sport are influenced and the success status is due to the Relative Age Effect.  Article visualizations

The effect of short-term royal jelly supplement on testosterone levels in sedentary and healthy individuals

This study with a placebo-controlled experimental design intends to investigate the effect of shortterm Royal Jelly (RJ) on the testosterone levels in sedentary men at a dose of 1000 mg/day. For this purpose, a total of 20 adult sedentary men aged 21 to 23 were included in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory every day for 15 days between 08:00 and 10:00 to get their portion of royal jelly. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, namely the experimental group (n = 10 individuals, 1000 mg/day of Royal Jelly) and the placebo group (n = 10 individuals, corn starch mixed with 1000 mg/day of water) and they took royal jelly in glass vials at the same time. Blood samples were taken from both groups of subjects one day before and one day after the study and analyzed to determine their testosterone levels. 2x2 mixed factor ANOVA and LSD tests were used to analyze data obtained from the experimental and the placebo group. A sharp increase in the testosterone levels of the experimental group that took RJ for a short time was found to be statistically significant (p0.05). The study shows that a short-term 1000 mg/day dose of RJ supplements was effective in increasing testosterone levels in sedentary, healthy men. © Mattioli 1885

ACUTE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC EXERCISE ON DYNAMIC BALANCE OF SEDENTARY YOUNG BOYS

The aim of this study was investigation the acute effect of anaerobic exercise on dynamic balance of sedentary young boys. Totally 30 individuals who are sedentary healthy males participated in this study as a subject. Measurements were done between 14.00 and 18.00 in 4 days. Previously The subject in this study were introduced the procedure of the dynamic balance (Biodex Balance SD, Biodex, Shirley, NY. isokinetic balance device ) and Wingate power test (Monark 894E Peak Bike, Monark Exercise AB, Vansbro, Sweden.) and a written approval form was taken from each volunteer. Second day, all subjects were tested dynamic balance test after general warm-up. During the third and fourth days, all subjects were tested Wingate power test without load (empty scale) and 5% load and immediately after that all of them were tested the dynamic balance test. Subjects rested 48 hours between measurements and did not any exercise during the rest time. At the end of the application; overall balance, control trial 1.94±0.85, placebo trial 1.82±0.73, experimental trial 1.92±1.05, anterior-posterior balance, control trial 1.52±0.67, placebo trial 1.37±0.62, experimental trial 1.44±0.93, medial-lateral balance, control trial 0.98±0.53, placebo trial 1.03±0.45, experimental trial 1.06±0.62 there was no statistical significance was not observed dynamic balance after anaerobic exercise (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, we can conclude that anaerobic exercises have no acute effect on dynamic balance in sedentary youth males who are 13-15 ages.  Article visualizations

Effect of royal jelly supplementation on aerobic power output and anaerobic power output

This study with a placebo-controlled experimental design intends to investigate the effect of Royal Jelly (RJ) on the aerobic and anaerobic power output of sedentary men at a dose of 1000 mg/day. For this purpose, a total of 20 adult sedentary men aged 21 to 23 years were included in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory every day for 15 days between 08:00 and 10:00 to get their portion of royal jelly. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, namely the experimental group (n = 10 individuals, 1000 mg/day Royal Jelly) and the placebo (n = 10 individuals, corn starch mixed with 1000 mg/day water) group and they took royal jelly in glass bottles at the same hour during these visits. In both groups, aerobic and anaerobic power measurements were performed in the laboratory one day before and after the 15-day period. 2×2 mixed factor ANOVA and LSD tests were used to analyze data obtained from the experimental and the placebo group. No significant difference was found in the analysis performed between the pre- and post tests for anaerobic power outputs of the placebo group (p > 0.05). Concerning the anaerobic power output of the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the fatigue index value in favor of the post-test (p 0.05). A significant difference was found in the pre- and post-test analysis of the experimental group in favor of the post-test in terms of aerobic power output (p < 0.05). The intergroup analysis of the difference between pre- and post-test showed a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in terms of aerobic power outputs (p< 0.05). Consequently, it can be argued that royal jelly supplementation taken daily for 15 days at 1000 mg has a positive effect on the aerobic capacity of sedentary men. © Mattioli 1885

A folk remedy: Royal jelly improves lung capacity in smokers

Background and Aim: Royal jelly (RJ) is one of the natural, valuable curative bee productdue to its promising health-beneficial and nutritional properties. This healthy diet possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidants, antitumor, and immunomodulatory functions which benefit in humans health and welfare,resulting in its widespread medical use. The aim of this randomized case controlled study was to determine the effect of royal jelly on the lung capacity of sedentary male smokers. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the university and consisted of 83 sedentary male and single participants aged 25-30 years without any health problems. Participation was voluntary. This case controlled design study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined by the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. The sample was divided into four groups: smoker experimental (Group I: 22), non-smoker experimental (Group II: 21), smoker control (Group III: 20), and non-smoker control (Group IV: 20). The experimental groups consumed 1000 mg/day pure royal jelly between 08.00 and 10.00 am for 21 days. The control groups consumed a placebo liquid between 08.00 and 10.00 am for 21 days. Pre- and post-pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed. Results: Group I had significantly higher mean posttestforced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) (1.86±0.19 L) than mean pretest FEV1 (1.76±0.05 L) while Group II had significantly higher mean posttest FEV1 (2.25±0.27 L) than mean pretest FEV1 (2.18±0.17 L) (p < 0.000). No statistically significant difference was observed in the control groups. Conclusion: PFT results before and after 1000mg/day royal jelly supplement revealed positive and significant differences. © Mattioli 1885

INFLUENCE OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISE ON OXYGEN SATURATION

The aim of this study was to examine to acute effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercises on oxygen saturation. Twenty three sedentary male subjects were voluntarily participated in the study. Oxygen saturation was measured with four different trials such as before warming up, after warming up, after anaerobic exercise, and after aerobic exercise, acutely. Repeated measures one way ANOVA and LSD correction tests were used for statistical analysis. According to obtained data, oxygen saturation parameter showed statistically changes between trials (p&lt;0.05). Especially, after anaerobic trial, oxygen saturation showed significant changes. In conclusion, it could be considered that warm-up, and aerobic exercise does not affect oxygen saturation, however anaerobic exercise has significant effect on it.  Article visualizations