Fibrillazione atriale: cardiovertire sempre? Parere contro

Fibrillazione atriale: cardiovertire sempre? Parere contr

Stroke non emorragico, di possibile origine aortoembolica, in corso di infarto miocardico acuto trattato con trombolisi

Stroke non emorragico, di possibile origine aortoembolica, in corso di infarto miocardico acuto trattato con trombolis

Nuovi orientamenti su quando correggere le stenosi carotidee in pazienti candidati al bypass aortocoronarico

Nuovi orientamenti su quando correggere le stenosi carotidee in pazienti candidati al bypass aortocoronaric

Stressful life events, depression and demoralization as risk factors for acute coronary heart disease

Background: While the effect of psychological stress and depression on the course of heart disease is commonly recognized, the relationship between recent life events, major depression, depressive symptomatology and the onset of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) has been less considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of stressful life events, major and minor depression, recurrent depression and demoralization in the year preceding the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and/or a first episode of instable angina and to compare stressful life events, also related with mood disorders, in patients and healthy controls. Methods: 97 consecutive patients with a first episode of CHD (91 with AMI and 6 with instable angina) and 97 healthy subjects matched for sociodemographic variables were included. All patients were interviewed with Paykel\u2019s Interview for Recent Life Events, a semistructured interview for determining the psychiatric diagnosis of mood disorders (DSM-IV), a semistructured interview for demoralization (DCPR). Patients were assessed while on remission from the acute phase. The time period considered was the year preceding the first episode of CHD and the year before the interview for controls. Results: Patients with acute CHD reported significantly more life events than control subjects (p < 0.001). All categories of events (except entrance events) were significantly more frequent. 30% of patients were identified as suffering from a major depressive disorder; 9% of patients were suffering from minor depression, 20% from demoralization. Even though there was an overlap between major depression and demoralization (12%), 17% of patients with major depression were not classified as demoralized and 7% of patients with demoralization did not satisfy the criteria for major depression. Independently of mood disorders, patients had a higher (p < 0.001) mean number of life events than controls. With regard to life events, the same significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to controls applied to patients with and without mood disorders. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize, by means of reliable methodology, the relationship between life events and AMI. These data, together with those regarding traditional cardiac risk factors, may have clinical and prognostic implications to be verified in longitudinal studies

La diagnosi elettrocardiografica di infarto miocardico acuto nell'era dell'angioplastica primaria e delle reti hub and spoke

A più di 100 anni dalla sua invenzione, l’ECG standard sta vivendo un vero e proprio “rinascimento”. Per quanto riguarda la cardiopatia ischemica acuta, il fenomeno è dovuto, soprattutto, alla disponibilità di grandi database in cui le caratteristiche elettrocardiografiche di migliaia di pazienti sono raccolte in maniera ordinata e predefinita e sono affiancate, e quindi correlabili, alle caratteristiche cliniche e coronarografiche e ai dati di outcome. La presente rassegna analizza criticamente il ruolo diagnostico dell’ECG standard nelle sindromi coronariche acute con (STEMI) e senza (NSTEMI) sopraslivellamento del tratto ST, con particolare attenzione ai possibili trabocchetti interpretativi e a quelle caratteristiche del tracciato in grado di contribuire a orientare le decisioni terapeutiche. Di fronte al paziente con presentazione clinica suggestiva per infarto miocardico acuto, l’ECG può aiutare a dare una risposta a molte domande. In caso di sospetto STEMI: siamo sicuri di poter escludere che sia in atto un infarto? (il problema dei falsi negativi); siamo sicuri che sia un vero infarto e non un falso positivo? Qual è la coronaria ostruita e a quale livello? Si è verificata riperfusione miocardica? In caso di sospetto NSTEMI: siamo sicuri che sia un vero infarto miocardico acuto (piuttosto che un’embolia polmonare o una dissezione aortica)? Siamo sicuri che sia in atto un NSTEMI piuttosto che uno STEMI dorsale “mascherato”? Quale substrato coronarico e quale grado di estensione dell’ischemia sono ipotizzabili in questo paziente? In particolare è presente un substrato a rischio molto alto, tale da suggerire un approccio invasivo in emergenza

Risk for Contrast Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronarography

Among the causes of in-hospital acute renal failure, contrast-induced nephropathy ranks third in prevalence. Although it represents a condition of renal impairment with spontaneous recovery, contrast nephropathy should always be considered, because it prolongs hospitalization and it may become a severe complication requiring dialysis. The purposes of this study are: (i) to determine if the application of the most effective contrast-induced nephropathy prevention strategies in the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit can prove to be successful in reducing nephropathy risk; and (ii) to identify which of the involved risk factors persist after the preventive treatment. We examined the patients who had a coronarography at the Bentivoglio hospital from April 2007 to April 2008 who required at least 3 days of permanence in hospital due to the presence of potential risk factors; 136 out of 784 patients were included. Among the selected patients, 21 (15.44%) developed a renal impairment compatible with contrast-induced nephropathy. The risk factors that seemed to display the best correlation with risk of contrast nephropathy were advanced age and an ventricular failure (ejection fraction 70 years) determined a threefold increased risk of contrast nephropathy. Our data suggest that the development of contrast nephropathy following coronarography is associated with worse renal function during hospitalization and at discharge

Lower long-term mortality within a regional system of care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION: Organization of regional systems of care (RSC) with an emphasis on pre-hospital triage and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been recommended to implement guidelines and improve clinical outcome in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All STEMI patients (n = 1,823) admitted to any of the 13 hospitals of the province of Bologna, Italy, before (pre-RSC, n = 858) and after (RSC, n = 965) the implementation of a RSC were enrolled in the study. Primary evaluation was mortality. Secondary outcomes included death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary revascularization procedures up to three-year follow-up. RESULTS: Among patients admitted <12 h from symptom onset, reperfusion was performed in 68.7% pre-RSC versus 89.8% RSC, P <0.001. Within the RSC, primary PCI became the main reperfusion treatment (34.5% pre-RSC versus 85.9% RSC; P <0.001 for both), and one-year mortality was lower (23.9% pre-RSC versus 18.8% RSC; P = 0.0015). At three-year, this advantage was maintained and actually increased (31.7% pre-RSC versus 24.8% RSC; P = 0.0031). Independent predictors of mortality at three-years were RSC, age, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, renal disease, shock, peripheral vascular disease, and malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, RSC for the treatment of STEMI was associated with increased rates of reperfusion and reduction of long-term mortality

Optimisation of therapeutic strategies for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: the impact of a territorial network on reperfusion therapy and mortality

Objective: To assess the clinical impact of a regional network for the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: All patients with STEMI (n = 1823) admitted to any of the hospitals of an area with one million inhabitants during the year 2002 (n = 858) - that is, before the network was implemented, and in 2004 (n = 965), the year of full implementation of the network, were enrolled in this study. The primary evaluation was inhospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary revascularisation procedures over 1-year follow-up. Results: Between 2002 and 2004, there was a major change in reperfusion strategy: primary angioplasty increased from 20.2% to 65.6% (p<0.001), fibrinolytic therapy decreased from 38.2% to 10.7% (p<0.001) and the rate of patients not undergoing reperfusion was reduced from 41.6% to 23.7% (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality decreased from 17.0% to 12.3% (p = 0.005), and this reduction was sustained at 1-year follow-up (23.9% in 2002 and 18.8% in 2004, p = 0.009). Similarly, the 1-year incidence of all MACCE was reduced from 39.5% in 2002 to 34.3% in 2004 (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Organisation of a territorial network for STEMI is associated with increased rates of reperfusion therapy and reduction of in-hospital and 1-year mortalit