A New species of Parasitic copepod, Nemesis santhadevii (Siphonostomatoida: Eudactylinidae) from the gills of the Coral catshark Atelomycterus marmoratus, from Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

The copepod Nemesis santhadevii sp. nov. (Siphonostomatoida: Eudactylinidae), which is parasitizing the gill filaments of the Coral catshark Atelomycterus marmoratus (Anonymous (Bennett), 1830) off Kota Kinabalu waters, Malaysia, is described and illustrated in this article. The new species Nemesis santhadevii prominently differs from its congeners in the following features: (1) the cephalothorax sub-circular is 1.3 times as wide as long and overlapping the second pedigerous somite; (2) the fifth somite is 0.4 times the width of the fourth; (3) the genital double somite is slightly narrower than the fifth; (4) the lowest cephalothoracic shield’s body length (0.20:1) proportion; (5) the caudal rami is ovate, it has two large and three small setae; (6) and the second somite has antenna with a patch of 34–38 spinules. It is the first record of parasitic eudactilinid copepod from Sabah, East Malaysia. A checklist of global valid species of Nemesis Risso, 1826, is provided

A new species of parasitic copepod of the genus lernaeenicus lesueur, 1824 (siphonostomatoida: pennellidae) from the torpedo scad megalaspis cordyla (linnaeus) off Kerala coast of Arabian Sea, India

A new species of parasitic copepod of the genus Lernaeenicus Lesueur, 1824 (Siphonostomatoida: Pennellidae) parasitizing the torpedo scad Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) collected from the Arabian Sea, off Kerala coast, India is described and illustrated. The new species, Lernaeenicus megalaspis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its other 32 congeners by the following features: (i) cephalosome 1.5 times longer than broad; (ii) presence of three stout posterior horns on the cephalosome, one median and two lateral, all sub-similar and apically round and blunt; (iii) neck 4.6 times as long as trunk; (iv) abdomen slightly longer than trunk; (v) 4-segmented antennule, and (vi) maxilla, third segment narrow, longer than second, segment 1 slightly broader than others and lateral border with two small spine

Cymothoa frontalis, a cymothoid isopod parasitizing the belonid fish Strongylura strongylura from the Malabar Coast (Kerala, India): redescription, description, prevalence and life cycle

Background: Cymothoa frontalis Milne Edward, 1840 is a very poorly described cymothoid, notwithstanding the previous redescription of the female. Pertinently, to date, the host of C. frontalis has not been identified with adequate precision. Most of the descriptions of cymothoids carried out hitherto were based primarily on females, but practically ignoring other life cycle stages. The present paper redescribes the female and describes other life cycle stages of the species C. frontalis to get better precision in their identification. Results: The female phase of C. frontalis is redescribed according to type specimens extant in the NMNH, Paris, and also by the data obtained from live specimens collected during the present study. The general morphology and appendages of various life cycle stages of the species are described. Among 80 fish species from 35 families examined, C. frontalis was recovered only from Strongylura strongylura signifying its oligoxenous host specificity, the prevalence and intensity being 68.65% and 1.9, respectively. Each host fish in more than 85% of the population was infested with a pair of C. frontalis, in three combinations, predominantly with male-female pair (70.9%). C. frontalis exhibited strict site specificity attaching to the buccal cavity of the host fish. The study has also identified three major phases (marsupial, free living and infective) in the life cycle of C. frontalis. The zygotic-staged marsupiumites were developed through five sequential ontogenetic stages. The manca released from the marsupium become infective after a brief period of free swimming life. During the infective phase, C. frontalis completes remaining life cycle stages with successive moulting. Further, six successive stages of the ovigerous females have also been identified. Conclusions: The present redescription of the female and the description of transitional, male, juvenile and larvae of C. frontalis facilitate precise identification of the species at any stage of the life cycle. Further, the strict host and site specificities of the parasite, as borne out from the present study, and its high degree of prevalence in the host make C. frontalis as an ideal model organism to study the strategies to be adopted for the management of parasites infesting edible fishes

Multiple parasitic crustacean infestation on belonid fish Strongylura strongylura

Simultaneous multiple infestation of parasitic crustacean species involving a cymothoid isopod, Cymothoa frontalis Milne Edward, 1840 and four species of copepods such as Lernanthropus tylosuri Richiardi, 1880, Caligodes lacinatus Kroyer, 1863, Bomolochus bellones Burmeister, 1833 and Dermoergasilus coleus Cressey & Collette, 1970 was frequently noticed on spot-tail needlefish, Strongylura strongylura (Belonidae) captured from the Malabar coast (Kerala, India) during the period from April 2011 to March 2012. All the 43 fishes (Strongylura strongylura) collected, were under the hyper-infection with parasitic crustaceans; a total of 388 parasitic crustaceans including 57 C. frontalis, 252 L. tylosuri, 31 C. lacinatus, 24 B. bellones and 32 D. coleus were recovered from the host fish. 4 members (9.30%) of host fish were under quadruple parasitism, in two different combinations. Seventeen (39.53%) host fishes showed triple parasitism and 20 (46.51%) members exhibited double parasitism, with four and five parasitic combinations respectively. Remaining two (4.65%) fishes were parasitized only by the copepod, L. tylosuri. The infestations by all recovered parasitic crustaceans were highly site specific. The damage caused by the parasitic crustaceans was also discussed

The Linz Zoocode project. Fifth report of activities (2022).<br>Nomenclatural availability. 4. Electronic publication

This fifth report of activities of the Linz Zoocode Committee is devoted to a detailed survey of the problems raised by the current Rules of the Code, published in 2012, regarding the nomenclatural availability of works published online and registered on the database Zoobank. It points to various deficiencies in these Rules and in the conception and functioning of Zoobank, which result in uncertainties regarding the availability of these works and of their various versions. It proposes new wordings for these Rules, as well as for the terminology used regarding electronic publications

Optical discs in zoological nomenclature: problems and proposed solution

According to the Code currently in force, taxonomic works presenting nomenclatural novelties published on optical discs may be nomenclaturally available only if published between 1985 and 2013, and respecting some conditions allowing their nomenclatural promulgation. These works will remain accessible to readers only as long as the technologies allowing to read such discs are available to all, but will become inaccessible when these technologies become obsolete. In order to overcome this technology dependence, the Linz Zoocode Committee has decided to publish facsimiles of these works, both on paper and online. For this to be possible, a list of these works needs to be built. We are therefore sending an appeal to the international community to provide information on all taxonomic works including nomenclatural novelties published so far on optical discs, whether available or not under the current Code.Fil: Dubois, Alain. Museum National D'histoire Naturelle. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité.; FranciaFil: Aneesh, Panakkool Thamban. University of Kerala; IndiaFil: Bauer, Aaron M.. Villanova University; Estados UnidosFil: Ceríaco, Luis M. P.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Daniel, Gimo M.. Walter Sisulu University; SudáfricaFil: Dellapé, Pablo Matías. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Engel, Michael S.. University of Kansas; Estados UnidosFil: Frétey, Thierry. No especifíca;Fil: Löbl, Ivan. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Lorvelec, Olivier. Écologie Et Santé Des Écosystèmes; FranciaFil: Marinov, Milen. Ministry For Primary Industries; Nueva ZelandaFil: Ohler, Annemarie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Schmitt, Michael. Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald. Institut fur Geographie und Geologie; AlemaniaFil: Whittington, Andrew. FlyEvidence; Reino UnidoFil: Young, Mark. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Aescht, Erna. Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian Museum; Austri