Tris(2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole-κ2 N 3,N 3′)cobalt(II) hydrogen phosphate

The title compound, [Co(C6H6N4)3]HPO4, was synthesized under hydro­thermal conditions. In the cation, the CoII atom is octa­hedrally coordinated by six N atoms from three 2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole ligands [Co—N bond lengths are in the range 2.084 (5)–2.133 (6) Å]. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form an extensive hydrogen-bonding network, which links cations and anions into a three-dimensional crystal structure

Bis(diethyl­enetriamine)­cobalt(III) hexa­chloridoindate(III)

The title compound, [Co(C4H13N3)2][InCl6], was synthesized under hydro­thermal conditions. In the cation, the Co—N bond lengths lie in the range 1.967 (2)–1.9684 (15) Å. In the anion, the InIII atom is coordinated by six Cl atoms resulting in a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. Both metal atoms are located on special positions of site symmetry 2/m. Furthermore, one Cl atom and one N atom are located on a mirror plane. N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds between cations and anions consolidate the crystal packing

Caste-biased Expression of fem and Amdsx Genes in Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Sex determination and caste differentiation are two crucial processes for morphology building in honeybees. It is unclear whether there is an interaction between these two processes. Here, we investigated the expression of fem and Amdsx genes between female castes of honeybees. We found that the expression of fem and Amdsx is significantly higher in queens than in workers, and this expression was positively regulated by juvenile hormone (JH). Our results suggest that sex-determining genes fem and Amdsx are also involved in honeybee caste differentiation