31,649 research outputs found
Magnification relations of quad lenses and applications on Einstein crosses
In this work, we mainly study the magnification relations of quad lens models
for cusp, fold and cross configurations. By dividing and ray-tracing in
different image regions, we numerically derive the positions and magnifications
of the four images for a point source lying inside of the astroid caustic.
Then, based on the magnifications, we calculate the signed cusp and fold
relations for the singular isothermal elliptical lenses. The signed fold
relation map has positive and negative regions, and the positive region is
usually larger than the negative region as has been confirmed before. It can
also explain that for many observed fold image pairs, the fluxes of the Fermat
minimum images are apt to be larger than those of the saddle images. We define
a new quantity cross relation which describes the magnification discrepancy
between two minimum images and two saddle images. Distance ratio is also
defined as the ratio of the distance of two saddle images to that of two
minimum images. We calculate the cross relations and distance ratios for nine
observed Einstein crosses. In theory, for most of the quad lens models, the
cross relations decrease as the distance ratios increase. In observation, the
cross relations of the nine samples do not agree with the quad lens models very
well, nevertheless, the cross relations of the nine samples do not give obvious
evidence for anomalous flux ratio as the cusp and fold types do. Then, we
discuss several reasons for the disagreement, and expect good consistencies for
more precise observations and better lens models in the future.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
In-Vivo Skin Capacitive Image Classification Using AlexNet Convolution Neural Network
© 2018 IEEE. Skin water content is very important for its cosmetic properties and its barrier functions, however, to measure it is very difficult. We have recently developed a novel hand-held probe for in-vivo skin hydration imaging based on the capacitance measurement principle. It is more repeatable, reproducible and easier to calibrate than the existing commercial devices. Our latest research is to assess the performance of deep learning in in-vivo skin capacitive image analysis using AlexNet model. As we know the AlexNet model can be used for image classification and recognition with high accuracy. Our object is to design a model to classify more than one specific features, i.e. not just the one with highest probability. We trained the image classifier using the pretrained model to implement the specific feature extraction, prediction and classification specifically for the skin hydration level, skin damage level and gender. There are over 1000 skin images which are measured by two experiments: repeatability of different instruments in in-vivo skin measurement; and skin damage measurements by different instruments. The objective of the research has been divided into three parts: feature extraction implementation using the pretrained model AlexNet; accuracy assessment of the model; further improve the system for multiple features classification. The image classification programme shows a good result which has accuracy 0.98, and the test images were classified correctly comparing with the experimental results of skin hydration, skin damaged level and the gender of the volunteers
Simple Scheme for Efficient Linear Optics Quantum Gates
We describe the construction of a conditional quantum control-not (CNOT) gate
from linear optical elements following the program of Knill, Laflamme and
Milburn [Nature {\bf 409}, 46 (2001)]. We show that the basic operation of this
gate can be tested using current technology. We then simplify the scheme
significantly.Comment: Problems with PDF figures correcte
Linking research and teaching: context, conflict and complementarity
Although research and teaching have often been regarded as complementary in enhancing the quality of student learning, little previous research has explored the conflicts associated with linking the two activities. This paper aims to examine specific issues arising within the environmental building disciplines at a UK university, and to explore strategies for achieving optimal research-teaching links. The results reveal that research-teaching linkages within these disciplines were interrelated and dynamic, but could be controversial, evidenced in coexisting multifaceted conflicts and complementarities. The research pointed towards a number of potential strategies for achieving optimal research-teaching linkages. In particular, it is critical to link research and teaching systematically right across an entire educational programme to address the progressive nature of learning and to maximise the potential of the research-teaching dynamic. © 2013 Taylor & Francis
Current Path Properties of the Transport Anisotropy at Filling Factor 9/2
To establish the presence and orientation of the proposed striped phase in
ultra-high mobility 2D electron systems at filling factor 9/2, current path
transport properties are determined by varying the separation and allignment of
current and voltage contacts. Contacts alligned orthogonal to the proposed
intrinsic striped phase produce voltages consistent with current spreading
along the stripes; current driven along the proposed stripe direction results
in voltages consistent with channeling along the stripes. Direct comparison is
made to current spreading/channeling properties of artificially induced 1D
charge modulated systems, which indicates the 9/2 direction.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Piezoelectric mechanism of orientation of stripe structures in two-dimensional electron systems
A piezoelectric mechanism of orientation of stripes in two-dimensional
quantum Hall systems in GaAs heterostructures is considered. The anisotropy of
the elastic moduli and the boundary of the sample are taken into account. It is
found that in the average the stripes line up with the [110] axis. In double
layer systems the wave vector of the stripe structure rotates from the [110] to
[100] axis if the period of density modulation becomes large than the
interlayer distance. From the experimental point of view it means that in
double layer systems anisotropic part of resistivity changes its sign under
variation of the external magnetic field.Comment: 8 page
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