Rating and evaluation method of energy efficiency and carbon emission intensity of main propulsion diesel engines in operation ships

[Objectives] In order to establish a practical evaluation method and rating standard for energy efficiency and carbon emission intensity of main propulsion diesel engine(main engine) in operation ships,[Methods] this paper uses the Specific Fuel Oil Consumption(SFOC) of main engine as the energy efficiency indicator, provides formulas for calculating the threshold of main engine energy efficiency at various level and the methods for calculating the energy efficiency level deviation coefficient, by which the level deviation coefficients of the energy efficiency level thresholds are determined,and the method,scope and principle of the energy efficiency evaluation are established. Moreover,the proposed methods are then applied to evaluate the energy efficiency of YUKUN ship based on the experiment data.[Results] The calculation results reveals that the main engine's SFOC is 190.03 g/(kW·h),the thresholds of main engine energy efficiency for the 1st and 2nd grade is 191.86 g/(kW·h),and the 2nd and 3rd grade 203.15 g/(kW·h). The energy efficiency of YUKUN ship is then classified as the 1st grade.[Conclusions] The results can effectively reflect the management level, technical status, energy efficiency level, and carbon emission status of YUKUN ship. The methods are in line with the requirements of the Asia-Pacific Energy Centre and other agencies in terms of objectivity,rationality, feasibility,systematism and guidance

New Insights into the Inhibition Mechanism of Betulinic Acid on α‑Glucosidase

Betulinic acid (BA), an important pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in many foods, possesses high antidiabetic activity. In this study, BA was found to exhibit stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase than acarbose with an IC₅₀ value of (1.06 ± 0.02) × 10^–5 mol L^–1 in a mixed-type manner. BA bound with α-glucosidase to form a BA−α-glucosidase complex, resulting in a more compact structure of the enzyme. The obtained concentrations and spectra profiles of the components resolved by the multivariate-curve resolution–alternating least-squares confirmed the formation of the BA−α-glucosidase complex. Molecular docking showed that BA tightly bound to the active cavity of α-glucosidase, which might hinder the entrance of the substrate leading to a decline in enzyme activity. The chemical modification of α-glucosidase verified the results of the computer simulation that the order of importance of the four amino acid residues in the binding process was His > Tyr > Lys > Arg

An overview of graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites for orthopedic applications

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an attractive bioceramic for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its physicochemical similarities to natural apatite. However, its low fracture toughness, poor tensile strength and weak wear resistance become major obstacles for potential clinical applications. One promising method to tackle with these problems is exploiting graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) as nanoscale reinforcement fillers to fabricate graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites in the form of powders, coatings and scaffolds. The last few years witnessed increasing numbers of studies on the preparation, mechanical and biological evaluations of these novel materials. Herein, various preparation techniques, mechanical behaviors and toughen mechanism, the in vitro/in vivo biocompatible analysis, antibacterial properties of the graphene-based HA composites are presented in this review

High-Performance Sn-Based Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Photodetectors by Altering Dark Current Shunt Pathways

Self-powered perovskite photodetectors (PDs) have been widely used in the fields of communications and imaging, but their performance is still restricted by the high dark current of devices. This study has shown that the dark current of PDs can be significantly reduced by adjusting the composition of the dark current shunting paths. We have fabricated a less toxic high-performance PDs based on two-dimensional tin-based perovskite BA2FASn2I7. By controlling the grain size of the perovskite film with potassium salt of hydroquinone sulfonic acid (KHQSA), we increased the number of horizontal shunting paths and the dark current was reduced to 1/50th of its original value. The device shows a high responsivity of 1.4 A W–1, a high detectivity of 8.2 × 1013 Jones, a maximum on/off current ratio of 6.74 × 105, and a rapid rise/decay time of 12.2/14 ms. In addition, as a light signal receiver in an imaging system, the device can accurately and sensitively identify light signals under weak light conditions. This study provides a new way for further improving the performance of self-powered perovskite PDs by adjusting the composition of horizontal and vertical dark current shunting paths

Noninvasive and Accurate Detection of Hereditary Hearing Loss Mutations with Buccal Swab Based on Droplet Digital PCR

Hereditary hearing loss is a common clinical neurosensory disorder in humans and has a high demand for genetic screening. Current screening techniques using peripheral blood or dried blood spots (DBSs) are invasive. Therefore, this study aims to develop a noninvasive and accurate detection method for eight hotspot deafness-associated mutations based on buccal swab and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). First, this method was evaluated for analytic performance including specificity, detection limit, dynamic range using plasmid DNA. The specificity was 100% and the detection limit was 5 copies. The dynamic range of this ddPCR-based method was from 10 to 10⁵ copies/μL. Next, the method was found to accurately quantify mitochondrial gene heteroplasmy rate as low as 1% for both m.1494C > T and m.1555A > G sites. Then, we demonstrated that buccal swab was a reliable sample. DNA can be extracted and accurately quantified after a buccal swab had been stored for 90 days at either room temperature or −20 °C. Finally, clinical samples (23 DBSs and 42 buccal swabs) were tested to further evaluate the accuracy and clinical applicability of this method. All clinical samples were accurately quantified and genotyped. This noninvasive and accurate method is highly promising as a genetic screening method for deafness-associated mutations due to its high sensitivity and accuracy

Libocedus macrolepis Benth. et Hook. f.

原著和名: セウナンボク科名: ヒノキ科 = Cupressaceae採集地: 千葉県 安房郡 天津小湊町 (安房 天津小湊町)採集日: 1963/12/19採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH028633国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-978633備考: 梢楠