A framework for civil aviation data protection

Security risks to civil aviation operations have evolved and become increasingly difficult to manage. Cyber-attacks are a new type of threat that is perhaps much more difficult and complex to control. For its everyday frontline and backroom activities, the worldwide civil aviation sector now relies on computer-based and information systems. As new and modern airports are built, new aircrafts are put into service, and stakeholders strive to fulfill the rising demand of more IT-savvy passengers with new passenger facilitation processes based on digital and IT-based systems, this dependency will continue to rise. Global civil aviation operations will undoubtedly need to adapt to economic changes, and the adoption of more computer-based and IT systems, particularly systems to improve safety and security, will be a significant driver of innovation and efficiency. Massive processing of passenger data (Passenger Name Record, PNR) in IT systems is a daily activity for the contemporary aviation industry. Simultaneously, since the mid-1990s we can observe the rapid growth of personal data protection law as a very new branch of the law (Zadura, 2017). The importance of this new branch of the law for the aviation industry is however still questionable and unclear. The purpose of this project is to develop an Aviation Data Protection Framework to improve cyber resilience in managing data and improve technical and organizational data protection measures established by personal data protection law in aviation industry entities

Human rights beyond bars: A study on the living conditions provided by the Philippine government to the prisoners

For many years, prisoners in the Philippines have languished in outmoded and substandard penal facilities. The perennial distortion and stigma affiliated amongst all prisoners continue to proliferate and aggravate the situation. In that matter, prisoners become victims of social generalization which leads to the bleak if not the end of their opportunities. Hence, despite the brave attempt to the 1987 Constitution to provide a remedy for this pitiful situation, penal conditions continue to be a virtual violations of prisoners\u27s human rights. In addition to that, the Philippine government has exerted efforts to maintain the grant of protection to prisoners as represented by its International commitments. However, the current living conditions of the prisoners do not represent so.This study proposes a standard by which prison conditions may be determined within Constitutional limits. Such standards can be incorporated in an enabling law which Congress may enact pursuant to constitutional mandates and International provisions. In an alternative, bearing in mind that Philippine Constitutions is patterned after American models, the authors propound that Philippine courts adopt the interpretations made in American jurisprudence without waiting for an enabling law. It is suggested that the second option is more viable which will afford a greater opportunity for Philippine courts to accommodate prison conditions proceedings. An implementing law containing a standard for constitutionality tolerable prison conditions is subject to e tedious legislative process-- a stumbling block for prison litigations.The authors also submit that international law provisions on the protection of those incarcerated-- whether codified in a treaty or are the generally accepted principles-- may be invoked to afford protection for Philippine prisoners. The Philippine government has an obligation under international law to provide the prisoners in the Philippines such international guaranty

Drug rehabilitation readiness of the cities of Bacoor and Imus, Cavite for local drug surrenderers

The research study is a quantitative-comparative study which aims to characterize the readiness of the participating cities and examine differences using tables for comparative analysis and meaningful interpretation. Purposive sampling technique was used. All chosen respondents actively participate and are reliable for drug rehabilitation within their city. Theses two cities have the largest number of surrenderers, which means that there is a pressing need for facilities, staff, and procedures to follow in order to carry out intervention for the drug surrenderers. The respondents for this study are any city health unit officer that is legally registered government official working under the City Drug Abuse Council. Self-made questionnaire was used. In line with this, the researchers looked into how occupational therapy could help in the man power, physical facility, and technical procedures aspect of a drug rehabilitation program. For the man of power, the researchers looked if there was an occupational therapist in place and what other professionals were available; because OT was not included in the list of personnel that the DOH gave out for staffing in each city\u27s health office. For the physical facility, the researchers looked if there were available place wherein they could accommodate the drug surrenderers in conducting assessments, treatments, and rehabilitation. For the technical standards both assessments, treatment and planning, the participating cities almost have all of the programs in their current situation in their respective municipality. The researchers entered all collected data manually with each entry compared individually to verify accuracy. Upon completion, the data was then evaluated and presented in tables for comparative analysis and profound interpretation. With this study, the researchers found out that the participating cities have this certain man power, physical facilities, and technical standards. In relation to occupational therapy, almost all areas stated in the questionnaire have significance to occupational therapist. With occupational therapy in the community drug rehabilitation, the drug surrenderers will receive treatment and rehabilitation that can be of help in reaching their goal from the different aspects of the domain of occupational therapy