Smart IoT Gateway For Heterogeneous Devices Interoperability

"(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works."The Internet of things (IoT) will interconnect a huge amount of devices, leading to a new way of interaction in the physical and virtual world, inspired by the idea of ubiquity, where all the objects around us, such as: sensors, automobiles, refrigerators, thermostats, industrial robots, tablets, smartphones, etc. could be connected anytime and anywhere. However, one of the main challenges that faces IoT is the high degree of heterogeneity in terms of communication capabilities of the devices, protocols, technologies or hardware. We focus on the implementation of a new Smart IoT Gateway designed to allow interconnection and interoperability between heterogeneous devices in the IoT. The proposed gateway offers significant advantages: (i) it enables connectivity of different protocols and traditional communication technologies (Ethernet) and wireless (ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi); (ii) it uses a flexible protocol that translates all the data obtained from the different sensors into a uniform format, performing the analysis of the data obtained from the environment-based-rules related to the different types of sensors; (iii) it uses a lightweight and optimal protocol on the use of devices with limited resources for delivering information environment; and (iv) it provides local data storage for later use and analysis. Our proof of concept demonstrates the performance and capacity of the proposed Smart IoT Gateway is related with Active and Healthy Aging (AHA).Yacchirema-Vargas, DC.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2016). Smart IoT Gateway For Heterogeneous Devices Interoperability. IEEE Latin America Transactions. 14(8):3900-3906. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2016.7786378S3900390614

Framework and Methodology for Establishing Port-City Policies Based on Real-Time Composite Indicators and IoT: A Practical Use-Case

[EN] During the past few decades, the combination of flourishing maritime commerce and urban population increases has made port-cities face several challenges. Smart Port-Cities of the future will take advantage of the newest IoT technologies to tackle those challenges in a joint fashion from both the city and port side. A specific matter of interest in this work is how to obtain reliable, measurable indicators to establish port-city policies for mutual benefit. This paper proposes an IoTbased software framework, accompanied with a methodology for defining, calculating, and predicting composite indicators that represent real-world phenomena in the context of a Smart PortCity. This paper envisions, develops, and deploys the framework on a real use-case as a practice experiment. The experiment consists of deploying a composite index for monitoring traffic congestion at the port-city interface in Thessaloniki (Greece). Results were aligned with the expectations, validated through nine scenarios, concluding with delivery of a useful tool for interested actors at Smart Port-Cities to work over and build policies upon.This research was funded, by the European Commission, via the agency INEA, under the H2020-project PIXEL, grant number 769355, and, when applicable, by the H2020-project DataPorts, grant number 871493, via the DG-CONNECT agency.Lacalle, I.; Belsa, A.; Vaño, R.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2020). Framework and Methodology for Establishing Port-City Policies Based on Real-Time Composite Indicators and IoT: A Practical Use-Case. 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Leveraging IoT and prediction techniques to monitor COVID-19 restrictions in port terminals

[EN] Social distance restrictions have posed several challenges for the management of logistic nodes even in open spaces like a maritime port terminal. The Internet of Things combined with the simulation of supply chains provide the perfect breeding ground for devising innovative tools to help ports observe those restrictions. The objective of this paper is to devise such a tool based on research open results, proposing a clear architecture and use-case to be leveraged by maritime ports. Internet of Things techniques such as gathering heterogeneous data through a context broker, managing the Big Data generated and applying innovative models over that data set the foundations of the proposed system. The actual tool has been achieved as a result, together with a clear plan on future works that may build upon it.This work is part of the PIXEL project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 769355.Vaño, R.; Lacalle, I.; Molina Moreno, B.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2021). Leveraging IoT and prediction techniques to monitor COVID-19 restrictions in port terminals. IEEE. 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.959591920521

Seaport Data Space for Improving Logistic Maritime Operations

[EN] The maritime industry expects several improvements to efficiently manage the operation processes by introducing Industry 4.0 enabling technologies. Seaports are the most critical point in the maritime logistics chain because of its multimodal and complex nature. Consequently, coordinated communication among any seaport stakeholders is vital to improving their operations. Currently, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Port Community Systems (PCS), as primary enablers of digital seaports, have demonstrated their limitations to interchange information on time, accurately, efficiently, and securely, causing high operation costs, low resource management, and low performance. For these reasons, this contribution presents the Seaport Data Space (SDS) based on the Industrial Data Space (IDS) reference architecture model to enable a secure data sharing space and promote an intelligent transport multimodal terminal. Each seaport stakeholders implements the IDS connector to take part in the SDS and share their data. On top of SDS, a Big Data architecture is integrated to manage the massive data shared in the SDS and extract useful information to improve the decision-making. The architecture has been evaluated by enabling a port authority and a container terminal to share its data with a shipping company. As a result, several Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been developed by using the Big Data architecture functionalities. The KPIs have been shown in a dashboard to allow easy interpretability of results for planning vessel operations. The SDS environment may improve the communication between stakeholders by reducing the transaction costs, enhancing the quality of information, and exhibiting effectivenessThis work was supported in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through the PIXEL Port Project under Grant 769355, and in part by the Secretaria Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), EcuadorSarabia-Jácome, D.; Palau Salvador, CE.; Esteve Domingo, M.; Boronat, F. (2019). Seaport Data Space for Improving Logistic Maritime Operations. IEEE Access. 8:4372-4382. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963283S43724382

Federation of AAL & AHA systems through semantically interoperable framework

[EN] Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and Active and Healthy Ageing (AHA) immensely benefit from IoT application. The federation of IoT platforms can multiply the benefits obtained by the operation of those systems in an isolated way, as it enables important synergies (e.g., intelligent information sharing, system cooperation, service enhancement). This federation requires the enablement of interoperability between the IoT systems, which represents a major challenge, as systems typically follow very different standards, data formats, semantic models and manners of representing the information. We have provided a technical solution in the frame of ACTIVAGE, a project that aims to federate multiple heterogeneous IoT platforms and systems associated to clusters of AHA Smart Homes in 12 regions across Europe, with the goal to improve the AHA service provided and create the first European AHA ecosystem. Our technical solution allows the enablement of full semantic interoperability across heterogeneous platforms and it has been validated in a test scenario. It enables significant AHA service enhancement within the ACTIVAGE ecosystem, as native applications from one platform could be used indistinctly by all federated platforms. Our solution allows good scalability federating new platforms, with linear and relatively low effort.This research work has been partially funded by LSP H2020 ACTIVAGE project under Grant Agreement Nº 732679.González-Usach, R.; Julián, M.; Esteve Domingo, M.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2021). Federation of AAL & AHA systems through semantically interoperable framework. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.94735031

AAL open source system for the monitoring and intelligent control of nursing homes

[EN] SAFE-ECH is an innovative intelligent AAL open source system for monitoring nursing homes, that creates an Ambient Intelligent environment in a residence by collecting and storing sensor monitoring data, performing intelligent data analysis and specific actions to enhance the safety, comfort and efficient care of aged people. Our system implements open standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium complying with Observations & Measurements Schema (O&M), SensorML and Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) specifications. Our system adapts to the specific needs of each nursing home, integrating the required sensors, actuators, rules and services. It is scalable and allows the management of several residences simultaneously.This research was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme as part of the INTERIoT project under Grant Agreement 687283, and by SAFE-ECH funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Industria, Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) under Grant Agreement RTC-2015-4502-1González-Usach, R.; Collado, V.; Esteve Domingo, M.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2017). AAL open source system for the monitoring and intelligent control of nursing homes. IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSC.2017.8000072S1

A multimodal Fingerprint-based Indoor Positioning System for airports

[EN] Indoor Localization techniques are becoming popular in order to provide a seamless indoor positioning system enhancing the traditional GPS service that is only suitable for outdoor environments. Though there are proprietary and costly approaches targeting high accuracy positioning, Wi-Fi and BLE networks are widely deployed in many public and private buildings (e.g. shopping malls, airports, universities, etc.). These networks are accessible through mobile phones resulting in an effective commercial off-the-self basic infrastructure for an indoor service. The obtained positioning accuracy is still being improved and there is on-going research on algorithms adapted for Wi-Fi and BLE and also for the particularities of indoor environments. This paper focuses not only on indoor positioning techniques, but also on a multimodal approach. Traditional proposals employ only one network technology whereas this paper integrates two different technologies in order to provide improved accuracy. It also sets the basis for combining (merging) additional technologies, if available. The initial results show that the positioning service performs better with a multimodal approach compared to individual (monomodal) approaches and even compared with Google¿s geolocation service in public spaces such as airports.This work was supported in part by the European Commission through the Door to Door Information for Airports and Airlines Project under Grant GA 635885 and in part by the European Commission through the Interoperability of Heterogeneous IoT Platforms Project under Grant 687283.Molina Moreno, B.; Olivares-Gorriti, E.; Palau Salvador, CE.; Esteve Domingo, M. (2018). A multimodal Fingerprint-based Indoor Positioning System for airports. IEEE Access. 6:10092-10106. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2798918S1009210106

SMALL AND MEDIUM PORTS' ACTIVITIES MODELLING: INTRODUCTION TO THE PIXEL APPROACH

[EN] Port activities undeniably have an impact on their environment, the city and citizens living nearby. To have a better understanding of these impacts, the ports of the future will require tools allowing suitable modelling, simulation and data analysis. This challenge is also tied to another current reality: the heterogeneous data coming from different stakeholders converging into ports are not optimally exploited due to lack of interoperability. Thus, the forthcoming research and development initiatives must address these demands from a holistic point of view. PIXEL (H2020-funded project) aims at creating the first smart, flexible and scalable solution reducing the environmental impact while enabling optimization of operations in port ecosystems. PIXEL brings the most innovative IoT and ICT technology to ports and demonstrate their capacity to take advantage of modern approaches. Using an interoperable open IoT platform, data is acquired and integrated into an information hub comprised of small, low-level sensors up to virtual sensors able to extract relevant data from high level services. Finally, this hub integrates smart models to analyse port processes for prediction and optimization purposes: (i) a model of consumption and energy production of the port with the aim of moving towards green energy production; (ii) a model of congestion of multi-modal transport networks to reduce the impact of port traffic on the network; and (iii) models of environmental pollution of the port to reduce the environmental impacts of the port on the city and its citizens. The main issue tackled by PIXEL is to provide interoperability between these models and allow real integration and communication in the context of an environmental management model. Besides that, PIXEL devotes to decouple port¿s size and its ability to deploy environmental impact mitigation specifying an innovative methodology and an integrated metric for the assessment of the overall environmental impact of ports.The PIXEL project, the results of which are presented in this paper, is being funded from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 769355 Port IoT for Environmental Leverage (PIXEL)Simon, E.; Garnier, C.; Lacalle, I.; Costa, JP.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2019). SMALL AND MEDIUM PORTS' ACTIVITIES MODELLING: INTRODUCTION TO THE PIXEL APPROACH. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment (Online). 187:149-163. https://doi.org/10.2495/MT190141S14916318

Hybrid Delay-Based Congestion Control for Multipath TCP

[EN] Current algorithms for MPTCP (as LIA, OLIA, BALIA, or wVegas) present loss-based congestion control on the exception of wVegas. Delay-based congestion control allows a preventive action against congestion, capable to avoid loss up to some extent, unlike loss-based congestion control. Additionally delay-based congestion control induces lower delay and presents higher fairness, but poor performance interoperating with loss-based flows, as get a poor share of the available bandwidth. We propose DAIMD, a hybrid congestion control for Multipath TCP, based on the delay-based AIMD scheme, which benefits from better, preventive detection of congestion, a more responsive use of queues and consequently low induced delay, as well as the capability to coexist in fair conditions with loss-based flows in shared links. Our system presents its own analysis criteria for detecting incipient congestion that differs from other delay-based schemes on which it is based, such as CDG, delay-based AIMD and Vegas.This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme as part of the 'Interoperability of Heterogeneous IoT Platforms' (INTER-IoT) project under Grant Agreement nº730; 687283.González-Usach, R.; Pradilla-Cerón, JV.; Esteve Domingo, M.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2016). Hybrid Delay-Based Congestion Control for Multipath TCP. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.2016.7495389S1

Interoperability in IoT

Interoperability refers to the ability of IoT systems and components to communicate and share information among them. This crucial feature is key to unlock all of the IoT paradigm´s potential, including immense technological, economic, and social benefits. Interoperability is currently a major challenge in IoT, mainly due to the lack of a reference standard and the vast heterogeneity of IoT systems. IoT interoperability has also a significant importance in big data analytics because it substantively eases data processing. This chapter analyzes the critical importance of IoT interoperability, its different types, challenges to face, diverse use cases, and prospective interoperability solutions. Given that it is a complex concept that involves multiple aspects and elements of IoT, for a deeper insight, interoperability is studied across different levels of IoT systems. Furthermore, interoperability is also re-examined from a global approach among platforms and systems.González-Usach, R.; Yacchirema-Vargas, DC.; Julián-Seguí, M.; Palau Salvador, CE. (2019). Interoperability in IoT. Handbook of Research on Big Data and the IoT. 149-173. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/150250S14917