On the Statistics of Elsasser Increments in Solar Wind and Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence

We investigate the dependency with scale of the empirical probability distribution functions (PDF) of Elsasser increments using large sets of WIND data (collected between 1995 and 2017) near 1 au. The empirical PDF are compared to the ones obtained from high-resolution numerical simulations of steadily driven, homogeneous Reduced MHD turbulence on a $2048^3$ rectangular mesh. A large statistical sample of Alfv\'enic increments is obtained by using conditional analysis based on the solar wind average properties. The PDF tails obtained from observations and numerical simulations are found to have exponential behavior in the inertial range, with an exponential decrement that satisfies power-laws of the form $\alpha_l\propto l^{-\mu}$, where $l$ the scale size, with $\mu$ around 0.2 for observations and 0.4 for simulations. PDF tails were extrapolated assuming their exponential behavior extends to arbitrarily large increments in order to determine structure function scaling laws at very high orders. Our results points to potentially universal scaling laws governing the PDF of Elsasser increments and to an alternative methodology to investigate high-order statistics in solar wind observations.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter

Unpacking the Drivers of LGBT+ Legislation

This paper stems from the hypothesis that there are various key factors rooted in economic, political, and social grounds which actively influence and determine the adoption and evolution of LGBT+ rights in the legal framework of any country. The goal of this research is to analyze these factors and understand how they channel the LGBT+ legislation in our present world. Assuming there is an asymmetry in this application and by extension in LGBT+ individuals' human rights, which are often ignored if not deprived in many parts of the world, this study seeks to understand the reasons behind that asymmetry. Based on a sample of 127 countries, a correlation analysis and a Panel data model were developed to analyze the real impact of these factors

Development Cooperation and Dependency: An Analysis of Brazilian-Spanish Cooperation in Latin America Between 2010 and 2018

Based on analysis of Brazilian-Spanish cooperation in Latin America, this article aims to contribute to the discussion on whether South-South Cooperation (SSC) represents an alternative model with specific and differentiated objectives, or if it largely reproduces the constraints and interests traditionally associated with the North-South model, but with new institutions and actors. We start by analysing the main criticisms levelled at cooperation in the literature, emphasising the identification, review and comparison of the mechanisms of domination and dependency that derive from the bilateral and multilateral practices of traditional development cooperation. We then construct a synthetic dependency index to measure the ability of Spain and Brazil - as representative cases of North-South Cooperation (NSC) and SSC with Latin America - to influence the foreign trade, investment and foreign policy decisions of aid recipients, and to empirically contrast the lower level of verticality that much of the available literature assumes about SSC schemes. The empirical analysis suggests significant differences between NSC and SSC in terms of their ability to reproduce dependency patterns and validate the discourse that tends to identify the latter as an alternative cooperation model

La reforma de la economía cubana. Evaluación de su potencial impacto en el crecimiento económico

El presente artículo analiza el alcance de las transformaciones propuestas en el VI Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba (PCC), la forma en que éstas pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico y a la superación de las principales restricciones de la economía cubana, así como aquellos aspectos que, a juicio del autor, permitirían estimular la eficiencia del modelo, pero que no han sido incluidos en la agenda del Congreso. Dicho análisis parte de la hipótesis de que el crecimiento económico cubano se encuentra restringido por la escasez de divisas y por un marco regulatorio excesivamente centralizado, fundamentada en los trabajos teóricos y empíricos que han abordado el tema del crecimiento, la revisión de la bibliografía que analiza la economía cubana durante las últimas décadas y el trabajo de campo llevado a cabo por el autor entre septiembre del 2010 y mayo del 2011

PYMES no estatales socialistas: análisis para el caso cubano

El presente artículo se propone contribuir al debate respecto a la estructura de la propiedad de los medios de producción en una economía socialista como la cubana; mediante la formulación y análisis de dos cuestiones fundamentales: en primer lugar, evaluar si puede o no el desarrollo de las PYMES paliar parte de los problemas estructurales que afectan a la economía cubana en la actualidad. En cuyo caso, se haría necesario plantear y profundizar sobre las características que deberían presentar dichas PYMES para garantizar su compatibilidad y coherencia con el modelo socialista

LoRa Enabled Smart Inverters for Microgrid Scenarios with Widespread Elements

The introduction of low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) has changed the image of smart systems, due to their wide coverage and low-power characteristics. This category of communication technologies is the perfect candidate to be integrated into smart inverter control architectures for remote microgrid (MG) applications. LoRaWAN is one of the leading LPWAN technologies, with some appealing features such as ease of implementation and the possibility of creating private networks. This study is devoted to analyze and evaluate the aforementioned integration. Initially, the characteristics of different LPWAN technologies are introduced, followed by an in-depth analysis of LoRa and LoRaWAN. Next, the role of communication in MGs with widespread elements is explained. A point-by-point LoRa architecture is proposed to be implemented in the grid-feeding control structure of smart inverters. This architecture is experimentally evaluated in terms of latency analysis and externally generated power setpoint, following smart inverters in different LoRa settings. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LoRa architecture, while the settings are optimally configured. Finally, a hybrid communication system is proposed that can be effectively implemented for remote residential MG management