Emerging power in industrialization: empowering India through entrepreneurship

The 'soft power' can be brought forward and achieved for any developing country through softer means. Advertising (both direct and indirect approach) is a powerful tool for disseminating information to various stakeholders concerning the MSME sector. To introspect the potentiality of India's MSME's emerging power, the researchers attempted to answer the different components that shaped Indian industrialization over the years and also analyzed the direct and indirect audio-visual advertisements created on MSMEs to encourage entrepreneurial activities throughout the nation. The observation indicates that direct and indirect advertisements that promote and encourage the growth of entrepreneurship have their advantages and disadvantages; however, direct advertisements are proven to be preferred over indirect advertisements, while the reason behind it can be the dilution of concept or the prominence of commercialization

Tracing river chemistry in space and time : dissolved inorganic constituents of the Fraser River, Canada

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 124 (2014): 283-308, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.006.The Fraser River basin in southwestern Canada bears unique geologic and climatic features which make it an ideal setting for investigating the origins, transformations and delivery to the coast of dissolved riverine loads under relatively pristine conditions. We present results from sampling campaigns over three years which demonstrate the lithologic and hydrologic controls on fluxes and isotope compositions of major dissolved inorganic runoff constituents (dissolved nutrients, major and trace elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δD). A time series record near the Fraser mouth allows us to generate new estimates of discharge-weighted concentrations and fluxes, and an overall chemical weathering rate of 32 t km-2 y-1. The seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic species are driven by changes in hydrology, which vary in timing across the basin. The time series record of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr is of particular interest, as a consistent shift between higher (“more radiogenic”) values during spring and summer and less radiogenic values in fall and winter demonstrates the seasonal variability in source contributions throughout the basin. This seasonal shift is also quite large (0.709 – 0.714), with a discharge-weighted annual average of 0.7120 (2 s.d. = 0.0003). We present a mixing model which predicts the seasonal evolution of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr based on tributary compositions and water discharge. This model highlights the importance of chemical weathering fluxes from the old sedimentary bedrock of headwater drainage regions, despite their relatively small contribution to the total water flux.This work was supported by the WHOI Academic Programs Office and MIT PAOC Houghton Fund to BMV, a WHOI Arctic Research Initiative grant to ZAW, NSF-ETBC grant OCE-0851015 to BPE and TIE, and NSF grant EAR-1226818 to BPE

Resveratrol Enhances Antitumor Activity of TRAIL in Prostate Cancer Xenografts through Activation of FOXO Transcription Factor

Resveratrol (3, 4', 5 tri-hydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenol, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and antitumor activities. We have recently shown that resveratrol can enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer cells through multiple mechanisms in vitro. Therefore, the present study was designed to validate whether resveratrol can enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in a xenograft model of prostate cancer.Resveratrol and TRAIL alone inhibited growth of PC-3 xenografts in nude mice by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation (PCNA and Ki67 staining) and inducing apoptosis (TUNEL staining). The combination of resveratrol and TRAIL was more effective in inhibiting tumor growth than single agent alone. In xenografted tumors, resveratrol upregulated the expressions of TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5, Bax and p27(/KIP1), and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. Treatment of mice with resveratrol and TRAIL alone inhibited angiogenesis (as demonstrated by reduced number of blood vessels, and VEGF and VEGFR2 positive cells) and markers of metastasis (MMP-2 and MMP-9). The combination of resveratrol with TRAIL further inhibited number of blood vessels in tumors, and circulating endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive endothelial cells than single agent alone. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited the cytoplasmic phosphorylation of FKHRL1 resulting in its enhanced activation as demonstrated by increased DNA binding activity.These data suggest that resveratrol can enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL by activating FKHRL1 and its target genes. The ability of resveratrol to inhibit tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and enhance the therapeutic potential of TRAIL suggests that resveratrol alone or in combination with TRAIL can be used for the management of prostate cancer

Phosphorus Distribution and Partitioning In the Chukchi Sea During Summer 2010

Water column samples from the Chukchi Sea were collected during June-July 2010 as part of the NASA ICESCAPE (Impact of Climate Change on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment1.34) mission to study phosphorus (P) partitioning and distribution. Our results indicate that P concentrations are spatially heterogeneous with profound changes in both concentration and speciation as waters originating in the Pacific Ocean move through the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea into the Arctic Ocean. Soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations increase by 0.6 M northwards while dissolved organic P (DOP) concentrations decrease by 0.3 M. However, total P concentrations are similar north (1.34 ± 0.47 M) and south (1.24 ± 0.62 M). P speciation results show that DOP dominates the total (dissolved + particulate) P pool in the south (45 ± 17%) and SRP dominates the total P pool in the north (73 ± 13%). DOP is produced via biological activity, as evidenced at the head of Barrow Canyon and the Southern Chukchi (SC) hot spot, where DOP comprises greater than 60% of the total P pool. Particulate P on the other hand is a mixture of biological particles and terrestrially derived sources, as evidenced by the relationships between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and particulate inorganic P (PIP) (R2= 0.46) and POP (R2= 0.47). High molar ratios of particulate organic carbon (POC) to particulate organic P (POP) (slope = 194.5 ± 7.3; R2= 0.65) and POC to particulate organic nitrogen (PON) (slope = 17.0 ± 0.89; R2= 0.51) indicate the preferential remineralization of P relative to carbon and nitrogen. Since primary productivity in the Chukchi Sea is nitrogen limited, large amounts of SRP and DOP accumulate in the water column due to biological activity and preferential remineralization of POP. The Chukchi outflow waters therefore supply a source of the high dissolved P concentrations to the upper halocline waters observed in the Beaufort Sea and the Canada Basin where this reservoir of P is used to fuel additional production

EMERGING POWER IN INDUSTRIALIZATION: EMPOWERING INDIA THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The ‘soft power’ can be brought forward and achieved for any developing country through softer means. Advertising (both direct and indirect approach) is a powerful tool for disseminating information to various stakeholders concerning the MSME sector. To introspect the potentiality of India’s MSME’s emerging power, the researchers attempted to answer the different components that shaped Indian industrialization over the years and also analyzed the direct and indirect audio-visual advertisements created on MSMEs to encourage entrepreneurial activities throughout the nation. The observation indicates that direct and indirect advertisements that promote and encourage the growth of entrepreneurship have their advantages and disadvantages; however, direct advertisements are proven to be preferred over indirect advertisements, while the reason behind it can be the dilution of concept or the prominence of commercialization.

A morphometric study of adult human trachea in West Bengal population

Background: Keeping in view the great variations in different dimensions of the human trachea and its remarkable clinical importance, the present work was undertaken. It included the study of dimensions of adult trachea of both sexes in West Bengal population. In addition, an effort was made to establish their relationship with selected external measurements. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study on 60 cadavers. Relatively disease-free fresh adult cadavers were selected from West Bengal population. Study variables were tracheal length, internal transverse diameter and internal anteroposterior diameter. Selected external measurements were height and sternal length. Results: In males, the highest correlation was observed between tracheal length and height (r = 0.800), and tracheal length and sternal length (r = 0.799). In females, the highest correlation coefficient was found between tracheal length and height (r = 0.809). Conclusion: Different formulae were obtained by linear regression with all measurements being in centimeters. Therefore, it is possible to predict the tracheal dimensions from simple external measurements

Tomographic entanglement indicators from NMR experiments

In recent years, the performance of different entanglement indicators obtained directly from tomograms has been assessed in continuous-variable and hybrid quantum systems. In this paper, we carry out this task in the case of spin systems. We compute the entanglement indicators from actual experimental data obtained from three liquid-state NMR experiments, and compare them with standard entanglement measures calculated from the corresponding density matrices, both experimentally reconstructed and numerically computed. The gross features of entanglement dynamics and spin squeezing properties are found to be reproduced by these entanglement indicators. However, the extent to which these indicators and spin squeezing track the entanglement during time evolution of the multipartite systems in the NMR experiments is very sensitive to the precise nature and strength of interactions as well as the manner in which the full system is partitioned into subsystems. We also use the IBM quantum computer to implement equivalent circuits that capture the dynamics of the multipartite system in one of the NMR experiments. We compute and compare the entanglement indicators obtained from the tomograms corresponding to the experimental execution and simulation of these equivalent circuits. This exercise shows that these indicators can estimate the degree of entanglement without necessitating detailed state reconstruction procedures, establishing the advantage of the tomographic approach.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figure

Tomographic entanglement indicators from NMR experiments

In recent years, the performance of different entanglement indicators obtained directly from tomograms has been assessed in continuous-variable and hybrid quantum systems. In this paper, we carry out this task in the case of spin systems. We compute the entanglement indicators from actual experimental data obtained from three liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and compare them with standard entanglement measures calculated from the corresponding density matrices, both experimentally reconstructed and numerically computed. The gross features of entanglement dynamics and spin squeezing properties are found to be reproduced by these entanglement indicators. However, the extent to which these indicators and spin squeezing track the entanglement during time evolution of the multipartite systems in the NMR experiments is very sensitive to the precise nature and strength of interactions as well as the manner in which the full system is partitioned into subsystems. We also use the IBM quantum computer to implement equivalent circuits that capture the dynamics of the multipartite system in one of the NMR experiments and carry out a similar comparative assessment of the performance of tomographic indicators. This exercise shows that these indicators can estimate the degree of entanglement without necessitating detailed state reconstruction procedures, establishing the advantage of the tomographic approach

Dissolved and particulate phosphorus distributions and elemental stoichiometry throughout the Chukchi Sea

As a major gateway from the Pacific to the open Arctic Ocean, biogeochemical transformations of nutrients in the Chukchi Sea are important for understanding the Arctic ecosystem as a whole. This study examines the biogeochemical cycling of the macronutrient phosphorus (P) relative to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the eastern Chukchi Sea during the ICESCAPE mission. Sea ice and water column dissolved and particulate P samples were collected during summer expeditions in 2010 (n=543) and 2011 (n=553). Nearly all forms of P were higher in Pacific Winter Waters (PWW), indicating the potential importance of PWW to Chukchi Sea nutrient pools. Annual means of P concentrations in all its forms in the offshore waters throughout the Chukchi Sea were also consistently higher (TP2010=1.56±0.61 µM, TP2011=1.67±0.68 µM) relative to waters inshore and within the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC), suggesting coastal inputs were relatively minor during our sampling. Rather, biological modification of P pools dominated, with 30–40% of the total dissolved P pool (TDP) and nearly 50% of the total particulate P pool (TPP) comprised of organic P. Nutrient analyses of first year sea ice suggest that sea ice melt contains highly variable P concentrations that span an order of magnitude depending on particulate matter content. As such, sea ice melt may contribute significant nutrients to summer waters on a transient basis. Low N:P ratios (\u3c2) within the mixed layer are consistent with summertime N limitation of biological production and demonstrate that the Chukchi Sea is a major source of excess P to other regions of the Arctic Ocean. Deeper water column dissolved N:P ratios of 7–9.1, while lower than the canonical Redfield ratio, are consistent with particulate N:P ratios of a diatom-dominated biological community. Combined, results suggest that the eastern Chukchi Sea plays an important role in the composition and magnitude of P that ultimately reaches other Arctic Ocean waters