Synthetic, structural and biological studies of organosilicon(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde

Selected new organosilicon(IV) complexes having the general formula R2SiCl[L] and R2Si[L] 2 were synthesized by the reactions of Me2SiCl2 with Schiff bases (5-mercapto-4-[(1H-pyrrol-2ylmethylene)amino]-s-triazole, 5-mercapto-3-methyl-4-[(1H-pyrrol-2ylmethylene)amino]-s-triazole and 3-ethyl-5-mercapto-4-[(1H-pyrrol-2ylmethylene)amino]-s-triazole) in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. All of the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, and IR, UV, 1H-, 13C- and 29Si-NMR spectral studies. All the spectral data suggest an involvement with an azomethine nitrogen in coordination to the central silicon atom. With the help of above-mentioned spectral studies, penta and hexacoordinated environments around the central silicon atoms in the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, respectively, are proposed. Finally, the free ligands and their metal complexes were tested in vitro against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi to assess their antimicrobial properties

COMBATTING CHALLENGING ASPECTS OF CANCER WITH THIOSEMICARBAZONES

Cancer claims the second largest number of deaths across the globe every year. With the new addition and discoveries in the therapeutic area, there are also some serious challenges which come into play. These include the emergence of resistance, malignancy, relapses and some life-threatening adverse effects. These challenges further intensify the need to discover better alternatives. Thiosemicarbazones have been explored extensively against many resistant and non-resistant forms of cancer in vitro as well as in vivo. Chelation of iron and copper has been attributed to their activity as anticancer agents, but recent studies have revealed few more complex mechanisms of their action. With different approaches to target different aspects of cancers, they have gained ample attention. Structural variations of these compounds were found to be highly selective in their action

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Novel Imidazole Derivatives for Their Potential Anti-hypertensive Activity

Benzimidazole, which is a heterocyclic nucleus, plays an important role in various medicines. A number of therapeutic agents such as H1 antihistaminic agent clemizole, a potent opioid analgesic etonitazene, nonnucleoside antiviral compound enviroxime, for promotion of excretion of uric acid irtemazole, non sedating antihistaminic agent astemizole, anti ulcer drugs omeprazole and pentoprazole, antihelmintic thiabendazole, antinematodal nocodazole etc. are based on benzimidazole heterocyclic nucleus. The synthesis of various benzimidazole derivatives by the reaction of ortho phenylene diamine I with various organic acids to yield 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives II which on further treatment with nitric acid and sulphuric acid yielded 5-nitro-2-substituted benzimdazoles III. Coupling of this compound with halogenated beta picoline V yielded the title compounds. The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated mainly by spectral evidence. All the compounds were screened for their anti-hypertensive activity. The compounds exhibited moderate to signiicant activities

Synthesis and characterization of divalent metal complexes of the macrocyclic ligand derived from isatin and 1,2-diaminobenzene

A novel series of complexes of the type [M(C28H18N6)X2], where M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II) and X = Cl-, NO3- or CH3COO-, were synthesized by template condensation of isatin and 1,2-diaminobenzene in methanolic medium. The complexes were characterized with the help of various physico–chemical techniques, such as elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, and NMR, infrared and far infrared spectral studies. The low value of molar conductance indicates them to be non-electrolytes. Based on various studies, a distorted octahedral geometry may be proposed for all the complexes. All the synthesized macrocyclic complexes were also tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial strains. The MIC values shown by the complexes against these bacterial strains were compared with those of the standard antibiotics linezolid and cefaclor. Some of the complexes showed good antibacterial activities

Impact of drip irrigation and fertigation scheduling on tomato crop - An overview

The primary objective of this review study was to determine the best irrigation and fertilizer scheduling practice in order to achieve maximum yield with maximum water and fertilizer use efficiency and highest nutrient uptake. It is found nutrient use efficiency could be as high as 90 per cent in fertigation as compared to 40 to 60 per cent in conventional methods. The amount of fertilizer lost through leaching can be as low as 10 per cent in fertigation whereas it is 50 per cent in the traditional system. It is observed that irrigation and fertigation scheduled at 75% ET and at 75% RDF, respectively could be a good alternate for saving water and nutrients with enhanced nutrient uptake, growth, yield and quality of crops. In this paper, the literature pertaining to the different aspects of fertigation and irrigation scheduling are reviewed

Cold Injury Prevention and Management in High Altitude Extreme Environments Pharmacological and Therapeutical Interventions

Cold injury refers to local or systemic body response that occurs due to massive loss of body heat when the body is exposed to extremely cold temperatures. The current modalities for the prevention and management of cold injury(ies) are very limited due to the paucity of availability of targeted therapeutics. Pathophysiological cascades in cold injury include: (a) desensitization of sensory neurons can be manifest as a result of altered pathophysiological functions viz., Ca2+ imaging, calcitonin gene-related peptide release, expressions of inflammatory mediators (PGE2: prostaglandin E2, NGF: nerve growth factors), (b) inflammatory markers viz.; interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and CD62E/endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (E-selectin); (c) oxidative stress markers associated with cold injury measured through serum level of protein carbonyl, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), superoxide dismutase (SODs), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and nitrotyrosine; (d) endothelial damage: nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Von-Willebrand factor (VWF), CD31/PECAM-1 (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1), CD36/SR-B3 (scavenger receptor class B member 3) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (TTPA). In this review paper, we elaborate on the current state-of-the-art pharmacological interventions for cold injury that may be beneficial in developing novel and targeted therapeutics for the prevention, management, and treatment of cold injury

Physicochemical Characterisation of Commercially Available Prussian Blue Insoluble Samples and Its Comparison with Radiogardase Cs

The physicochemical properties of insoluble Prussian blue (PB) play an important role in its thallium binding ability. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterise various physicochemical parameters of PB available commercially and compare them with the USFDA-approved Radiogardase ® -Cs. In addition, PB was synthesised by indirect and direct methods. PB samples and Radiogardase®-Cs were analysed for various parameters like particle size, moisture content, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and correlated with its Maximum Binding Capacity (MBC) for thallium. Radiogardase ® -Cs showed the highest MBC of 238 mg/g for thallium with D 90 of 785 μm and moisture content of 23.24 %. The MBC of other PB samples was found to be significantly lower than Radiogardase ® -Cs which was found to be directly proportional to the moisture content. However, other parameters like particle size, and iron content vary significantly but no correlation was observed with MBC for thallium. This finding suggests that moisture content and MBC are extremely important parameters for optimising the PB to achieve desirable pharmacological efficacy for removing thallium in vivo

Comparative study of titanium elastic nailing versus hip spica in treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children

Background: There is no consensus on treatment of closed femoral-shaft fractures in children. We compared hip spica cast with titanium elastic nailing (TEN) in the treatment of femoral-shaft fractures in children.Methods: Study was conducted at SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan). Out of 90 Patients of diaphyseal fracture femur, 45were treated conservatively by spica cast and 45 were treated with TEN. Follow up done regularly up to twelve months of injury with taking into account, various parameters.Results: All diaphyseal fractures of femur healed, whether treated conservatively by spica cast or treated operatively with TEN. The time of union and weight bearing was less in operative group as comparative to spica cast group. Ten patients (22.22%) in spica group compared to three patients (6.66%) in operative group had malunion and two patients (4.4%) in spica group compared none in operative group had delayed union.Conclusions: Results of TEN turned out to be far superior to traction and spica cast treatment in paediatric femoral fractures. Rate of complications was far low with operative than conservative Treatment

Template synthesis of macrocyclic complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II): spectroscopic, antibacterial and antifungal studies

A new series of macrocyclic complexes of the type [M(C17H14N4O2)X2], where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) or Cd(II) and X = Cl-, NO3- or CH3COO-, was synthesized by the condensation reaction of malonyldihydrazide with benzil in the presence of divalent metal ions. The complexes were characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibilities, electronic, NMR and infrared spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a six-coordinate distorted octahedral geometry, in which two nitrogen and two carbonyl oxygen atoms are suitably placed for coordination towards metal ion, is proposed for all the complexes. The complexes were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity and antifungal activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration shown by these complexes were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration shown by standard drugs

Xanthogranulomatous Colitis masquerading as carcinoma of colon

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is an uncommon pathological diagnosis involving various organ systems, the most common being the gall bladder and kidney. It can masquerade as a malignant mass thus, requiring a clinical suspicion for accurate and timely diagnosis. A 65-year-old woman presented with acute onset of obstipation and vomiting suggesting acute obstruction. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen revealed a solid irregular mass in the ascending colon with large necrotic areas and surrounding enlarged nodes suggestive of malignancy arising from right colon. Right hemi-colectomy was performed. Histopathology of the surgical specimen showed florid inflammatory infiltrate with collection of histiocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphs. Further immunohistochemistry was conducted, and CD68 and CD45 were found to be positive and pan-cytokeratin was negative. A clinico-pathological diagnosis was thus established to be xanthogranulomatous colitis