Identification of moisture transport mechanism in gypsum during convective drying

[EN] Gypsum is a popular building material. Drying and rewetting of gypsum is a process of practical importance. This work presents the experimental results of kinetic of drying, heating and internal pressure development in rewetted gypsum cylinders. Analysis of the observed changes is presented. Additionally sorption isotherms, permeability and dependence of Young’s modulus on moisture content were measured. These data will be used in the model of the process under development.Adamski, R.; Adamska, A.; Pakowski, Z. (2018). Identification of moisture transport mechanism in gypsum during convective drying. En IDS 2018. 21st International Drying Symposium Proceedings. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 379-386. https://doi.org/10.4995/IDS2018.2018.7527OCS37938

Effective diffusivity of moisture in low rank coal during superheated steam drying at atmospheric pressure

The effective diffusivity of water in brown coal of Bełchatów mine was experimentally determined. The experiments were performed in superheated steam at 200 [degrees]C and atmospheric pressure using slightly compressed pellets of cylindrical shape. The drying and temperature curves of the sample were used to identify diffusivity. An inverse problem was formulated and solved by the finite element method for 3D axially symmetric cylindrical geometry of the sample. A satisfactory fit of the simulated curves to experimental results was obtained. The obtained dependence of effective diffusivity on moisture content and temperature may be used in designing lignite dryers

Model of dynamic structure with coaxiality errors changing in time

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki modelowych badań wpływu charakterystyk sprzęgieł podatnych na odpowiedź dynamiczną układu w warunkach zmiennych w czasie błędów osiowania.In article results of a model research of influence of flexible coupling characteristics on the system dynamic response under conditions of coaxiality errors changing in time were shown

Measurement of drag coefficient and sphericity of floc particles

W literaturze brak informacji nt. współczynnika oporu cząstek typu flok. W tej pracy zmierzono współczynnik oporu metodą stanu nieustalonego i metodą stanu ustalonego oraz porównano wyniki obu metod. Na podstawie współczynnika oporu zidentyfikowano sferyczność w oparciu o równanie Haidera, Levenspiela. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie teorii przepuszczalności Brinkmana daje lepszy opis współczynnika oporu dla cząstek typu flok.Drag coefficient of floe type particles is poorly described in literature. In this work drag coefficient was measured by two methods - unsteady state and steady state and the results were compared. On basis of drag coefficient the particle sphericity was identified using the Haider and Levenspiel formula. It was found that a better description of drag coefficient for floe particles was obtained using Brinkman's theory of permeability

Identyfikacja dynamicznego współczynnika przepuszczalności wody dla hydrożelu krzemionkowego

A novel method for the determination of liquid Darcy permeability in saturated porous solids shrinking during drying is presented in the paper. The experimental data were obtained during convective drying of silica hydrogel at 30°C and 40°C. The collected data allowed for the calculation of apparent sample density and thus the space occupied by liquid phase. The Darcy permeability was identified using a simple model. The values obtained were in a range of 2.5·10-16·14 ÷ 4.5·10-14 m2, depending on the current voidage. The pore size diminishes due to the shrinkage and the permeability decreases with drying progress.Przedstawiono nową metodę wyznaczania przepuszczalności cieczy z wykorzystaniem prawa Darcy'ego w nasyconych ciałach stałych, kurczących się podczas suszenia. Dane doświadczalne uzyskano poprzez konwekcyjne suszenie hydrożelu krzemionkowego w temperaturze 30°C oraz 40°C. Na podstawie zebranych danych obliczono gęstość pozorną próbek i przestrzeń zajętą przez ciecz. Współczynnik przepuszczalności Darcy’ego zidentyfikowano korzystając z prostego modelu. Otrzymane wartości mieściły się w zakresie od 2.5·10-16·14 ÷ 4.5·10-14 m2 w zależności od wielkości porów. Wraz z postępem suszenia zmniejsza się wielkość porów w wyniku skurczu, a przepuszczalność maleje

Selection of Sound Insulating Elements in Hydraulic Excavators Based Onidentification of Vibroacoustic Energy Propagation Paths

In spite of the fact that standardizing operations and increased awareness of hazards led to a significant improvement of vibroacoustic climate of operator’s stands of new machines, their long-term operation - often under difficult conditions - leads to a fast degradation of acoustic qualities of machines. Temporary operations performed during surveys and periodical overhauls are rarely effective, due to the lack of any guidelines. In this situation the authors propose the algorithm for selection of eventual screens or sound absorbing and sound insulating partitions, utilizing the measuring procedure aimed at identification, at the operator’s stand, of main noise components originated from various sources. On the basis of this procedure, the vibroacoustic energy propagation paths in the machine was estimated

Evaluation of Equations Approximating Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Water, Steam and Air for Use in CAD of Drying Processes

Over 70 equations approximating thermodynamic and transport properties of water and steam at pressure 1 bar and saturated pressure as well as air at pressure 1 bar were tested against reference data. Their accuracy and relative computing time were reported

Selection of sound insulating elements in hydraulic excavators based onidentification of vibroacoustic energy propagation paths

In spite of the fact that standardizing operations and increased awareness of hazards led to a significant improvement of vibroacoustic climate of operator’s stands of new machines, their long-term operation - often under difficult conditions - leads to a fast degradation of acoustic qualities of machines. Temporary operations performed during surveys and periodical overhauls are rarely effective, due to the lack of any guidelines. In this situation the authors propose the algorithm for selection of eventual screens or sound absorbing and sound insulating partitions, utilizing the measuring procedure aimed at identification, at the operator’s stand, of main noise components originated from various sources. On the basis of this procedure, the vibroacoustic energy propagation paths in the machine was estimated

Effective diffusivity of moisture in low rank coal during superheated steam drying at atmospheric pressure

The effective diffusivity of water in brown coal of Bełchatów mine was experimentally determined. The experiments were performed in superheated steam at 200 [degrees]C and atmospheric pressure using slightly compressed pellets of cylindrical shape. The drying and temperature curves of the sample were used to identify diffusivity. An inverse problem was formulated and solved by the finite element method for 3D axially symmetric cylindrical geometry of the sample. A satisfactory fit of the simulated curves to experimental results was obtained. The obtained dependence of effective diffusivity on moisture content and temperature may be used in designing lignite dryers

Investigation of tribological wear Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zużycia tribologicznego stopu na osnowie fazy międzymetalicznej Ni₃Al z dodatkami stopowymi cyrkonu i boru, metodą "pin-on-disc" w warunkach tarcia suchego. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono istotny wpływ jednorodności struktury na odporność na zużycie tribologiczne badanego stopu (homogenizacja składu fazowego i prawdopodobny wzrost stopnia uporzadkowania). Próbki poddane procesowi rekrystalizacji po uprzednim odkształceniu plastycznym na zimno materiału ze stanu po odlewaniu lub homogenizacji posiadaja dobrą odporność na zużycie tribologiczne. W przeciwieństwie do nich materiał w stanie po odlewaniu i po odkształceniu plastycznym na zimno wykazuje istotnie niższą odporność na zużycie tribologiczne. Pomimo znacznego umocnienia (dwukrotnie wyższe - w porównaniu do stanu po odlewaniu), stop Ni₃Al odkształcony plastycznie na zimno wykazuje najnizszą odporność na zużycie tribologiczne.Resistance to tribological wear of Ni₃Al-based intermetallic alloy with the alloying additions of Zr and B was investigated using "pin-on-disc" method at room temperature. It has been found that tribological wear resistance of investigated alloy strongly depends on a degree of homogenisation of its structure (predominantly chemical homogenisation and probably a level of ordering). Samples with structure modified by homogenisation treatment and by cold rolling followed by recrystalization showed excellent wear resistance in opposite to as-cast or cold rolled condition. Even though cold working significantly increases (doubled - in comparison to as-cast condition) level of Ni₃Al alloy hardening, a tribological wear resistance for this case is the lowest among all investigated samples