12 research outputs found
Two-pump parametric amplification in the presence of fiber dispersion fluctuations: a comparative study
Fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs) operating based on four-wave mixing (FWM) are versatile devices
with increasing applications in optical communication systems. In this paper, the effects of dispersion fluctu�ations on the performance of bandwidth, ripple, parametric gain, and saturation power of a two-pump FOPA
based on four-wave and six-wave models are studied and compared. Coupled-amplitude equations representing
the non-degenerate FWM process in optical fiber are solved numerically to compute the parametric gain over the
communication wavelengths. The behaviors of the performance parameters are critically analyzed and compared
with different types of fluctuation strengths (or amplitudes) specified by the combinations of correlation length
(Lc) and fluctuation amplitude (σ). Based on the results, it was found that the flat gain bandwidth for the four-wave
model remains unchanged and is insensitive to the strengths of fluctuations. The gain ripples, however, get higher
as the fluctuation strengths increase. On the other hand, the flat gain bandwidths of the six-wave model are hardly
identified due to the tremendous and continuous ripples within the pump wavelengths. In addition, the minimum
parametric gain values for both four-wave and six-wave models reduce as the fluctuation strengths increase. Also,
the lowest value of parametric gain leads to the highest saturation power and vice versa. The dispersion fluctuations
affect the FWM process’s efficiency and deteriorate the overall amplifier performance, particularly for the six-wave
model. The numerical analysis obtained via the six-wave model is especially useful since this model closely matches
with practical circumstances
Gain prediction of dual-pump fiber optic parametric amplifier based on artificial neural network
Optimized parameters of dual-pump fiber optic parametric amplifier (FOPA) to give optimized
FOPA gain can be obtained through optimization techniques. However, it is complicated to
determine the multi-objective functions (gain, bandwidth and flatness), multi decision variables
and multiple global solutions. Optimization works only considered undepleted pump configura�tion or pump depletion but without fiber loss. Recently, a machine learning approach was applied
to design a Raman amplifier. Thus, this study intends to design a desired dual-pump FOPA gain
utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict pump powers and pump wavelength by
considering pump depletion and fiber loss. First of all, the FOPA training gain data were obtained
through the 6-wave model and supplied into the ANN to learn the relation between the gains with
their pump wavelengths and pump powers. Once the smallest mean square error (MSE) between
input and target was obtained, the ANN model was saved. The ANN model can be used to predict
the desired pump wavelengths and pump powers if the desired gain is given. The desired gains of
constant values from 10 to 45 dB over 1540–1589 nm for optical communication are predicted
very well with mean absolute error (MAE) of 1 dB variations
Flat and ultra-broadband two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers based on photonic crystal fibers
A two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) based on the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in the telecommunication region is investigated numerically. The fiber loss and pump depletion are considered. The influences of the fiber length, input signal power, input pump power, and the center pump wavelength on the gain bandwidth, flatness, and peak gain are discussed. The 6-wave model-based analysis of two-pump FOPA is also achieved and compared with that based on the 4-wave model; furthermore, the gain properties of the FOPA based on the 6-wave model are optimized and investigated. The comparison results show that the PCF-based two-pump FOPA achieves flatter and wider gain spectra with less fiber length and input pump power compared to the two-pump FOPA based on the normal highly nonlinear fiber, where the obtained results show the great potential of the FOPA for the optical communication system
Impact of random dispersion fluctuations on two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier performances
The impact of random dispersion fluctuations on two-pump (2-P) fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) performance in terms of parametric gain, 3-dB amplification bandwidth and saturation power is numerically investigated. The four-coupled amplitude equations which represent the parametric process in optical fiber are solved using the Runge-Kutta method. Based on the results, it was observed that the random dispersion fluctuations reduced the parametric gain, increased the saturation power and had no significant effect on 3-dB amplification bandwidth. The resulted behaviors are mainly due to the changes of phase-matching condition in optical fiber. All in all, the random dispersion fluctuations are potentially limited the 2-P FOPA performances