Corak Perbelanjaan Pekerja-Pekerja Kilang Di Paroi, Seremban dan Sungai Way, Selangor

Satu kajian mengenai corak perbelanjaan 52 orang pekerja-pekerja kilang di asrama Perantau Paroi, Seremban dan Blok 8, Flat Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor telah dijalankan dalam bulan OktoberNovember 1980. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa 80.7 peratus responden mempunyai pendapatan kurang daripada $200 sebulan. Kumpulan ini berbelanja lebih kurang 21 peratus untuk makanan, 26 peratus untuk pakaian, 12 peratus untuk pengangkutan, 8 peratus untuk simpanan dan 14 peratus untuk membantu keluarga. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahawa perbelanjaan ke atas makanan, simpanan dan keluarga bertambah mengikut pertambahan pendapatan. Amalim pengurusan kewangan responden dipengaruhi oleh kawasan tempat tinggal, pendapatan, taraf pelajaran dan pendapatan keluarga

Gender differences in financial well-being among college students

Financial satisfaction and its impact on the quality of life have received considerable attention in recent decades. A large number of studies have attempted to identify the dimensions of financial well-being and financial behavior among various groups in relation to the development of personal financial well-being. The majority of studies on personal financial satisfaction and financial behavior among adolescents reveal notable sex differences. There is evidence that men and women's perceptions differ and that they are not necessarily only influenced by economic factors, but also by social and psychological issues. To identify gender differences in financial well-being, this study focuses on the perceived financial well-being of Malaysian college students. This study was carried out under (IRPA) funding. Data were collected from students in public and private Malaysian universities. The multi stage stratified random sampling technique was used. A total of 11 universities were randomly selected for the study and 350 questionnaires were distributed to students through the student affairs section of the respective university. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Financial well-being was measured by a six-item scale. The students were asked to rate those six items on a scale of one (not satisfied at all) to nine (very satisfied). The items statements include the amount of saving, financial situation, ability to purchase, saving for emergency expenses, skill to manage money, and ability to spend. The results revealed that there were significant gender differences among Malaysian college students concerning financial matters. The results indicate that Malaysian female students have a significantly higher level of financial satisfaction compared to male students. Female students have a lower level of financial knowledge and late age financial socialization compared to male students. The results showed that primary socialization agents were the strongest predictor of financial well-being among male students while financial problems were the strongest predictor among female students. Mediation analysis confirmed the mediation effect of financial problems in the association between predictors and financial well-being

Pendapatan dan pembelanjaan pekerja migran wanita: suatu perbandingan antara sektor awam, industri dan jualan

The purpose of the study was to determine income and expenditure patterns of female migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia. The 969 workers between 15 - 30 years old chosen as respondents were selected from 5 zones, i.e., north (Perlis, Kedah and Pulau Pinang), central (Perak and Selangor), south (Negeri Sembilan. Melaka and Johor), east (Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan), and Metropolitan (Kuala Lumpur). Respondents were chosen from the public (41 %), industrial (38%), and sales (21 %) sectors. The results of the study revealed that most of the women were single, young (mean age of 24) and had an educational level of SPM. Chi-Square tests indicated that there was a significant difference in income among women of different sectors, ages, and levels of education. The results of the study also indicated that there was a significant difference in percentage of income spent on food, housing, and transportation among women of different sectors, ages, levels of education, and marital status

Measurement of family economic status

The concept of family economic has become important around the world. It has been realized that communities based family economic can play a fundamental role in poverty alleviation. Measuring of family economic status is an important step in developing family economic strategies to achieve poverty reduction. This paper used qualitative approaches to illustrated family economic status. The purpose of this study is to explore the concept and indictors of family economic. The literature derived from my study in family economic management

Consuming for status among Malaysian working women

This study measures the influence of money attitude, brand consciousness and social status on status consumption among working women in Klang Valley. A total of 200 working women completed the questionnaires which were collected using mall intercept concept. The focus on luxury brand item was narrowed down to three category which were clothings/scarfs, shoes and handbags. The results revealed that brand consciousness has a significant relationship with status consumption. Women who are consciousness about the brands have a higher tendency to engage in status consumption

Preparedness of Malaysian pre-school educators for environmental education

The shaping of attitude and values, commitment and skills needed to preserve and protect the environment of individuals begins at an early age. Hence educators especially pre-school teachers play an influential role in developing new patterns of behaviors of the young to adopt a sustainable lifestyle. A study was conducted to assess the level of preparedness of the pre-school teachers in Malaysia with respect to their degree of concern for environmental issues, comprehension of fundamental environmental knowledge, and level of adoption of sustainability practices. A cross-sectional research design utilizing survey method was conducted among 300 pre-school teachers representing three different types of pre-schools in Malaysia. Data indicated that the respondents were aware of various basic environmental problems faced by the country but less of the advanced environmental issues. They were found to be more concerned regarding other social problems as compared to environmental ones and adoption of sustainable consumption practices of respondents was modest. Comprehension on fundamental concepts of environment and sustainability needs to be enhanced further through formal training as the main source of environmental knowledge was acquired through the mass media. The study shows that it is imperative for various stakeholders, in particular the Ministry of Education, to develop suitable environmental education syllabus for pre-school teachers training and in-service training programs in order to enhance their preparedness for environmental education

"Kemiskinan & kerentanan": penelitian konsep dan pengukuran dalam era revolusi industri 4.0

Persoalan mengapa kemiskinan berterusan wujud sentiasa menjadi perbahasan akademia, penggubal polisi dan pelaksana program. Menjadi tanggungjawab penyelidik sains sosial untuk membentuk satu pengukuran kemiskinan yang bukan hanya menggabungkan elemen subjektif dan objektif, mengambil kira pelbagai dimensi, malahan juga melihat kepada kemungkinan berhadapan risiko. Buku ini membincangkan konsep dan pengukuran kemiskinan dan kerentanan serta kesan Revolusi Industri ke atas kemiskinan. Di samping itu, empat kajian empirikal yang dijalankan berkaitan kemiskinan dan kerentanan dalam kalangan isi rumah rentan, petani luar bandar, nelayan dan penerima bantuan tunai juga dikongsikan untuk memahami isu kemiskinan dan kerentanan dengan lebih terperinci. Pengukuran kemiskinan yang tepat, sahih dan praktikal dapat membantu pembuat polisi, pelaksana program pembangunan dan penyedia peruntukan membuat keputusan yang tepat. Pengukuran kemiskinan sedia ada tidak terlepas daripada kesilapan ketakmasukan (under-coverage) dan limpahan-liputan (over-coverage) dalam mengenal pasti isi rumah miskin dan rentan. Seterusnya mengurangkan kejayaan usaha membasmi kemiskinan. Banyak masa, tenaga dan wang ringgit yang diperuntukkan oleh kerajaan untuk membasmi kemiskinan. Untuk mengurangkan kadar kemiskinan, pertamanya mestilah ada pengukuran yang baik. Oleh itu, membina pengukuran yang jitu adalah langkah pertama yang perlu diambil untuk mengetahui skop dan di mana usaha dan tenaga patut ditumpukan untuk membasmi kemiskinan. Mengukur kemiskinan tidak semudah menyebutnya. Bukan hanya kerana masalah data, malahan juga kerana terlalu banyak takrifan mengenai orang miskin. Bahkan persoalan tentang definisi keperluan asas dan pendapatan yang diperlukan oleh sesebuah isi rumah dengan komposisi ahli yang berbeza dan tinggal di lokasi yang berbeza masih dibincangkan. Pendapatan garis kemiskinan Malaysia perlu disemak dari semasa ke semasa dan perlu mengambil kira item dan peratusan perbelanjaan penting masa kini seperti pembelian rumah, pengasuh dan komunikasi. Definisi lalu yang tertumpu kepada perbelanjaan makanan, pakaian dan tempat tinggal mungkin sudah tidak sesuai lagi. Membasmi kemiskinan dengan memfokuskan isi rumah rentan boleh menyelesaikan masalah kemiskinan dengan lebih cekap dan berkesan. Membina konsep dan pengukuran kemiskinan menjadi semakin penting dalam fasa Revolusi Industri 4.0 ini. Begitu juga usaha membasmi kemiskinan semakin mencabar kerana kesan Industri Revolusi terdahulu masih berterusan, ditambah dengan kesan daripada Revolusi Industri 4.0

Ethnic and gender differences in financial management among college students

The paper aims to examine ethnic and gender differences in financial management among college students. Using the stratified sampling method, 2,340 college students from six public and five private colleges were studied. The findings indicate gender differences in financial management, in which female students performed greater financial management than male students. The results revealed significant ethnic differences in financial management, in which Malay students performed greater financial management than Chinese and Indian students