Programming Languages For Hard Real-Time Embedded Systems

International audienceHard real-time embedded systems have traditionally been implemented using low level programming languages (such as ADA or C) at a level very close to the underlying operating system. However, for several years now the industry has started using higher level modelling languages, at least for early simulation and verification steps. The objective of this paper is to study existing formal languages including high level real-time primitives. Our review is built on the case study of an aerospace automated transfer vehicle, the particularity of which is to be composed of several multi-periodic communicating processes. In this paper, we emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of existing programming approaches when implementing this kind of system. As a result, the choice of the base rate of the program appears to have a major influence, not only on the difficulty to program the system correctly but also on the execution platform required to execute the program (operating system, scheduler, ...)

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Stadtarchiv Solingen, Bergische Arbeiterstimme 27. Juli 1917 Die Ergebnisse der Besitz- und Kriegssteuerveranlagung zeigen die „kollossale“ Vermögensvermehrung durch den Krieg in Stadt- und Landkreis Solingen Besitz-und Kriegssteuern im Kreise Solingen.        Kolossale Vermehrung der Vermögen zeigen die jetzt vorliegenden Ergebnisse der Veranlagung zur Besitz-und Kriegssteuer im Stadt-und Landkreis Solingen. Die Besitzsteuer wird bekanntlich alle drei Jahre von Ver- mögen über 10 000 M..