Novel immunohistochemistry-based signatures to predict metastatic site of triple-negative breast cancers

Background: Although distant metastasis (DM) in breast cancer (BC) is the most lethal form of recurrence and the most commonunderlying cause of cancer related deaths, the outcome following the development of DM is related to the site of metastasis.Triple negative BC (TNBC) is an aggressive form of BC characterised by early recurrences and high mortality. Athough multiplevariables can be used to predict the risk of metastasis, few markers can predict the specific site of metastasis. This study aimed atidentifying a biomarker signature to predict particular sites of DM in TNBC.Methods: A clinically annotated series of 322 TNBC were immunohistochemically stained with 133 biomarkers relevant to BC, todevelop multibiomarker models for predicting metastasis to the bone, liver, lung and brain. Patients who experienced metastasisto each site were compared with those who did not, by gradually filtering the biomarker set via a two-tailed t-test and Coxunivariate analyses. Biomarker combinations were finally ranked based on statistical significance, and evaluated in multivariableanalyses.Results: Our final models were able to stratify TNBC patients into high risk groups that showed over 5, 6, 7 and 8 times higher riskof developing metastasis to the bone, liver, lung and brain, respectively, than low-risk subgroups. These models for predictingsite-specific metastasis retained significance following adjustment for tumour size, patient age and chemotherapy status.Conclusions: Our novel IHC-based biomarkers signatures, when assessed in primary TNBC tumours, enable prediction of specificsites of metastasis, and potentially unravel biomarkers previously unknown in site tropism

SIMULATIVE STUDY OF LOCODUO WITH LEACH FOR ROUTING IN WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often contain a large number of small, low-power sensors nodes equipped with sensing, computing, and communication devices that communicate through wireless channels. In WSNs, because of the limitation of nodes’ energy, energy efficiency is a key factor that should be considered when designing the protocols. In some applications, the aim of the WSN is to collect data from the surrounding and send it to a sink node. The previous approach does not take route into consideration which is efficient in terms of energy, power consumption and route discovery time. The proposed algorithm requires lesser maintenance of routing tables because it will maintain local topology information if it is normal node and will maintain limited global topology for cluster head. The algorithm will also find the route which will have reduced number of hops, route discovery time, energy computation and power computation and compared the results with LEACH protocol and obtained better performance in network lifetime

DYNAMIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN LARGE CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS USING DISTRIBUTED GOSSIP PROTOCOL

Resource management poses particular challenges in large-scale systems, such as server clusters that simultaneously process requests from a large number of clients. We mainly focus on the dynamic resource management in large scale cloud environment. Our core contribution centers around outlining a distributed middleware architecture and presenting one of its key elements, a gossip protocol P* that meets our 3 main design goals: (1) fairness of resource allocation with respect to hosted sites (2) efficient adaptation to load changes and (3) scalability in terms of both the number of machines and sites. We first present a protocol that maximizes the cloud utility under CPU and memory constraints and also minimizes the cost for adapting an allocation. Then, we extend that protocol to have a management control parameter, which can be done with the help of profiling technique. A particular challenge is to develop a gossip protocol that is robust against node failures. In this paper, we present P*, a gossip protocol for continuous monitoring of aggregates, which is robust against discontiguous failures (i.e., under the constraint that neighboring nodes do not fail within a short period of each other

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: A rare case report

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a high degree of penetrance and variable expressivity. It is a rare phakomatosis characterized by multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), bifid ribs, and other abnormalities. The incidence of the GGS is estimated at 1 in 57,000–1 in 256,000 in the general population. The OKC is frequently the presenting manifestation of this syndrome. We report a case of a 25-year-old male patient, presenting with a swelling in the right side of the face which was diagnosed as GGS by correlating the clinical findings, histological findings, and evaluating the various tools of imaging. In the case of GGS, it is of great importance to make an early diagnosis since the severity of complications such as maxillofacial deformities related to the jaw cysts can be avoided