Mogućnost uporabe nusproizvoda mokre meljave kukuruza kao izvora sastojaka za proizvodnju funkcionalne hrane i nutraceutika

Maize (corn) consists of germ, endosperm and pericarp, with different chemical compositions. During wet milling, the maize is disintegrated into the main product starch and by-products, including maize germ, maize fibre and maize gluten (the technical term for maize/corn endosperm-specific proteins and not the same as wheat gluten). These by-products are used as low-value animal feed products. The maize germ contains high amounts of tocols and phospholipids, the maize gluten is rich in carotenoids and the maize fibre fraction is rich in phytosterols and complex carbohydrates. Each by-product has a potential to serve as a precursor in the manufacture of functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolaemic, hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic properties. These food ingredients/nutraceuticals can be obtained through physical, chemical or enzymatic processes. Some nutraceuticals and food ingredients with market potential include maize/corn fibre gum, oil, arabinoxylans and xylooligosaccharides from maize fibre; maize germ oil and phospholipid ester from maize germ; and carotenoids and oligopeptides from maize gluten. This review focuses on current and prospective research into the use of maize germ, maize fibre and maize gluten in the production of potentially high-quality food ingredients or nutraceuticals.Zrno kukuruza sastoji se od klice, endosperma i perikarpa, koji imaju različit kemijski sastav. Tijekom mokre meljave kukuruz se razgrađuje u škrob i nusproizvode, uključujući klice, vlakna i kukuruzni gluten (što je tehnički naziv za proteine endosperma kukuruza i razlikuje se od pšeničnog glutena). Ti se nuspoizvodi koriste kao jeftina stočna hrana. Kukuruzne klice sadržavaju velike količine tokola i fosfolipida, kukuruzni gluten je bogat karotenoidima, a vlakna su bogata fitosterolima i složenim ugljikohidratima. Svaki od ovih nusproizvoda može poslužiti kao prekursor u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane ili nutraceutika, što imaju antioksidacijski, protuupalni i hipolipidemički učinak, te snizuju razinu kolesterola i šećera u krvi. Ti se funkcionalni sastojci i nutraceutici mogu proizvesti fizikalnim, kemijskim ili enzimskim postupcima. Neki od tih proizvoda s tržišnim potencijalom su guma, ulje, arabinoksilani i ksilooligosaharidi izdvojeni iz kukuruznih vlakana; ulje i fosfolipidi iz kukuruznih klica; te karotenoidi i oligopeptidi iz kukuruzog glutena. U fokusu su ovog revijalnog prikaza najnovija istraživanja i mogućnost korištenja kukuruznih klica, vlakana i glutena kao visokovrijednih sastojaka za proizvodnju funkcionalne hrane i nutraceutika

Clustering-based Query Routing in Cooperative Semi-structured Peer to Peer Networks

We consider the problem of resource selection in clustered Peer-to-Peer Information Retrieval (P2P IR) networks with cooperative peers. The clustered P2P IR framework presents a significant departure from general P2P IR architectures by employing clustering to ensure content coherence between resources at the resource selection layer, without disturbing document allocation. We propose that such a property could be leveraged in resource selection by adapting well-studied and popular inverted lists for centralized document retrieval. Accordingly, we propose the Inverted PeerCluster Index (IPI), an approach that adapts the inverted lists, in a straightforward manner, for resource selection in clustered P2P IR. IPI also encompasses a strikingly simple peer-specific scoring mechanism that exploits the said index for resource selection. Through an extensive empirical analysis on P2P IR testbeds, we establish that IPI competes well with the sophisticated state-of-the-art methods in virtually every parameter of interest for the resource selection task, in the context of clustered P2P IR

Application of Ultrasonic Technique for Measurement of Instantaneous Burn Rate of Solid Propellants .

The ultrasonic pulse-echo technique has been applied for the measurement of instantaneous burnrate of aluminised composite solid propellants. The tests have been carried out on end-burning 30 mmthick propellant specimens at nearly constant pressure of about 1.9 MPa. Necessary software forpost-test data processing and instantaneous burn rate computations have been developed. The burnrates measured by the ultrasonic technique have been compared with those obtained from ballisticevaluation motor tests on propellant from the same mix. An accuracy of about +- 1 per cent ininstantaneous burn rate measurements and reproducibility of results have been demonstrated byapplying ultrasonic technique