A Study on the Works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn with Reference to Indian Genocide

This work is a study on the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn who is proficient scholar and hails from South Dakotas and Sioux nations and their turmoil, anguish and lamentation to retrieve their lands and preserve their culture and race. Many a aboriginals were killed in the post colonization. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn grieves and her lamentation for the people of Dakotas yields sympathy towards the survived at Wounded Knee massacre and the great exploitation of the livelihood of the indigenous people and the cruelty of American Federal government. Treaty conserved indigenous lands had been lost due to the title of Sioux Nation and many Dakotas and Dakotas had been forced off from their homelands due to the anti-Indian legislation, poverty and federal Indian – white American policy. The whites had no more regard for or perceiving the native’s peoples’ culture and political status as considered by Jefferson’s epoch. And to collect bones and Indian words, delayed justice all these issues tempt her to write. The authors accuses that America was in ignorance and racism and imperialism which was prevalent in the westward movement. The natives want to recall their struggles, and their futures filled with uncertainty by the reality and losses by the white and Indian life in America which had undergone deliberate diminishment by the American government sparks the writer to back for the indigenous peoples. this multifaceted study links american study with native american studies. this research brings to highlight the unchangeable scenario of the Native American who is in the bonds of as American further this research scrutinizes Elizabeth’s diplomacy and legalized decolonization theory which reflects in her literature career and her works but defies to her own doctrines. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn’s confronts for the U. S cultural imperialism on the Native People of America and strives for the empowerment of the peoples and their governance which is impractical at the present scenario.  

Imposition of Civilization by Depriving Livelihood and Vanishing Ethnicity of Tribal’s People

Sioux nations and to retrieve their lands and to preserve their ethnicity and the demises of their predecessors at Wounded Knee massacre and superseded unwritten literature and history of Dakotas and massacre in at the start of fourteenth century and devastation of livelihood of the indigenous people and the cruelty of American Federal government still lingers in their mind. Treaty conserved indigenous people’s lands but Dakotas had been forced off their homelands due to the anti-Indian legislation, poverty and federal Indian – white American policy. The whites had no more regard for or perceiving the native peoples’ culture and political status as considered by Jefferson’s epoch. And this article exposes collecting bones and Indian words, delayed justices, inter- state issues and ignorance, racism and imperialism and the struggles of the Dakotas, whose future filled with uncertainty by reality and lose of land and cattle over the recent past centuries.

Serum Hepcidin Levels in Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCTION : Diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with increased levels of body iron stores. The mechanisms that link these conditions are unclear. Hepcidin is known to play a key role in iron homeostasis. It is possible that changes in hepcidin may underlie the association between these two conditions. What little data are available in this area are inconclusive. AIM : To estimate serum levels of hepcidin and iron-related parameters in adults diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus, and compare these with levels of these parameters in those without diabetes mellitus. METHODS : Informed consent was obtained to collect fasting blood samples from adult males who were diagnosed, for the first time, to have diabetes mellitus (DM). Age-matched males with fasting glucose values within the reference range served as control subjects. Each sample obtained was used to estimate haemoglobin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), iron and hepcidin. Anthropometric measurements were also made on each subject. RESULTS : Twenty one subjects were studied in each group. Both groups were similar in age and anthropometric measurements. There were no differences in values of haemoglobin, TIBC, transferrin saturation and serum iron between controls and diabetics. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in those with DM (median [interquartile range]: 147 [114-251.5] ng/ml) when compared with controls (79 [46.65-155.5] ng/ml). Serum hepcidin levels were similar in the 2 groups. Ratio of hepcidin to ferritin was significantly lower in those with DM when compared with control subjects. Serum ferritin showed significant positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose, serum iron, serum hepcidin and transferrin saturation. It also showed significant negative correlations with total iron-binding capacity, hepcidin-ferritin ratio, BMI, waist and hip circumference. Hepcidin-ferritin ratio was negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels. When adjusted for fasting plasma glucose levels, in multiple regression analysis, it was found that serum ferritin had significant positive correlation with serum hepcidin, hepcidin-ferritin ratio, serum iron and transferrin saturation. CONCLUSIONS : Serum ferritin, a marker of body iron stores, was significantly increased in subjects with diabetes mellitus, but hepcidin levels were not. However, these patients had lower hepcidin-ferritin ratio, showing that serum hepcidin levels were inappropriately low for the increased serum ferritin levels seen in these subjects. This suggests that the biological response of the body to increase hepcidin levels in response to increased body iron levels seems to be blunted in diabetic subjects. This finding requires confirmation in larger samples and its significance requires exploration

Drugs and drug targets against malaria

The development of resistance by the parasite against first line and second line antimalarial drugs, has underscored the importance to develop new drug targets and pharmacophores to treat the disease. The absence of a vaccine for protection and the availability of artemisinin and its derivatives as the only option has made the situation rather serious. With the availability of increased support for malaria research, a variety of drug targets and candidate molecules are now available for further development. However, the success rate of a candidate molecule to become a drug is very low and it does become necessary to start with a large basket, identified on a rational basis. This review focuses on the present efforts to identify a variety of drug targets in the malaria parasite and to develop candidate drug molecules

Innovations and Challenges in Reducing Maternal Mortality in Tamil Nadu, India

Although India has made slow progress in reducing maternal mortality, progress in Tamil Nadu has been rapid. This case study documents how Tamil Nadu has taken initiatives to improve maternal health services leading to reduction in maternal morality from 380 in 1993 to 90 in 2007. Various initiatives include establishment of maternal death registration and audit, establishment and certification of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn-care centres, 24-hour x 7-day delivery services through posting of three staff nurses at the primary health centre level, and attracting medical officers to rural areas through incentives in terms of reserved seats in postgraduate studies and others. This is supported by the better management capacity at the state and district levels through dedicated public-health officers. Despite substantial progress, there is some scope for further improvement of quality of infrastructure and services. The paper draws out lessons for other states and countries in the region

Artemisinin-based combination with curcumin adds a new dimension to malaria therapy

Malaria afflicts 300 million people worldwide, with over a million deaths every year. With no immediate prospect of a vaccine against the disease, drugs are the only choice to treat it. Unfortunately, the parasite has become resistant to most antimalarials, restricting the option to use artemisinins (ARTs) for effective cure. With the use of ARTs as the front-line antimalarials, reports are already available on the possible resistance development to these drugs as well. Therefore, it has become necessary to use ART-based combination therapies to delay emergence of resistance. It is also necessary to discover new pharmacophores to eventually replace ART. Studies in our laboratory have shown that curcumin not only synergizes with ART as an antimalarial to kill the parasite, but is also uniquely able to prime the immune system to protect against parasite recrudescence in the animal model. The results indicate a potential for the use of ART- curcumin combination against recrudescence/relapse in falciparum and vivax malaria. In addition, studies have also suggested the use of curcumin as an adjunct therapy against cerebral malaria. In this review we have attempted to highlight these aspects as well as the studies directed to discover new pharmacophores as potential replacements for ART

Transistor clamped five level inverter using non-inverting double reference single carrier PWM technique for photovoltaic applications

This treatise deals with transistor clamped five level inverter Using Non-Inverting Double Reference Single Carrier PWM (NIDRSC PWM) Technique. Conventional or two level inverter have drawbacks like i) Requirement of fast switching devices ii) Very high dv/dt iii) High Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI) iv) Bulky filters v) Faster heating of switches and vi) Not suitable for high voltage applications. Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) are engaged to conquer the drawbacks of conventional two levels inverter. MLIs generate an AC voltage using small voltage steps obtained with the help of DC supplies or capacitor banks. To design the proposed five level inverter 5 numbers of power control switches and 8 diodes are required. The proposed inverter circuitry is investigated by using Non-Inverting Double Reference Single Carrier PWM (NIDRSC PWM) Technique in terms of harmonics content in output waveform. Under-modulation (modulation Index =0.85), unity (modulation Index =1) and over-modulation (modulation Index =1.25) PWM signal is obtained to drive control switches. Simulation results will confirm the functionality, design and operation of the proposed MLI and NIDRSC PWM Techniqu

Validity of the diagnosis of pneumonia in hospitalised patients with COPD.

Rationale: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia are two of the most common reasons for acute hospital admissions. Acute exacerbations and pneumonia present with similar symptoms in COPD patients, representing a diagnostic challenge with a significant impact on patient outcomes. The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of radiographic consolidation with the discharge diagnoses of hospitalised COPD patients. Methods: COPD patients admitted to three UK hospitals over a 3-year period were identified. Participants were included if they were admitted with an acute respiratory illness, COPD was confirmed by spirometry and a chest radiograph was performed within 24 h of admission. Pneumonia was defined as consolidation on chest radiograph reviewed by two independent observers. Results: There were 941 admissions in 621 patients included in the final analysis. In 235 admissions, consolidation was present on chest radiography and there were 706 admissions without consolidation. Of the 235 admissions with consolidation, only 42.9% had a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia; 90.7% of patients without consolidation had a discharge diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. The presence of consolidation was associated with increased rate of high-dependency care admission, increased mortality and prolonged length of stay. Inhaled corticosteroid use was associated with recurrent pneumonia. Conclusions: Pneumonia is underdiagnosed in patients with COPD. Radiographic consolidation is associated with worse outcomes and prolonged length of stay. Incorrect diagnosis could result in inappropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids. Future guidelines should specifically address the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in COPD