Brazil’s New Gas Law: Analysis, Implications, and Remuneration of Gas Processing Plants with Non-Discriminatory Access to Customers

Brazil will increasingly rely on the availability of natural gas as new discoveries in the Pre-Salt portion are explored. Currently, a substantial amount of the gas produced associated with oil is reinjected (60,84 million m³/day in 2021, according to the Ministry of Mines and Energy), with the lack of structure being one of the factors for this non-energy purpose. The New Gas Law proposes to fill this gap by stimulating investments in infrastructure. In this sense, market opening has the potential to promote the rupture of natural monopolies by providing access to infrastructure, including Natural Gas Processing Plants (NGPP). This units, in addition to conditioning the gas for sale, allow the recovery of higher molecular weight fractions, or (Natural Gas Liquid). However, the instructions for this access required by the government are insufficient for issues related to the NGL recovery efficiency of these units, as well the method of remuneration arising from the NGL production capacity. It is proposed in this paper to include a processing tariff, based on static simulation of available technological routes. Comparison of energy spent and NGL recovery efficiency will allow to formulate the gas price, unfolding from the price of the molecule

Análise da adsorção de piridina em aluminossilicatos mediante espectroscopia IV in situ e cálculos teóricos

A aplicação de zeólitas ácidas como catalisador desempenha um papel expressivo na indústria química, devido a sua robustez em reações que envolvem uma ampla plataforma de moléculas e operações unitárias. Entretanto, os sítios ácidos desses catalisadores tornam-se uma questão de debate na síntese orgânica devido a difícil tarefa de caracterização e quantificação. Nesse trabalho, os sítios ácidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de infravermelho in situ e os complexos de adsorção (H-zeólita-molécula sonda) foram analisados em nível fundamental usando a teoria do funcional da densidade. A adsorção de piridina a baixas temperaturas pode superestimar a presença dos sítios ácidos de Lewis. Bandas referentes a fisiossorção de piridina foram observadas até 190 ℃ na região de 1453 e 1444 cm-1. Em altas temperaturas, o efeito de confinamento foi observado para as zeólitas H-ZSM-5 e H-Beta, sendo essa informação justificados por cálculos de estruturas eletrônicas que mostram que o confinamento causado pela morfologia dos poros e cavidades implica em uma conformação que favorece a otimização de ligações H em ambientes vazios confinados.Fil: Gomes, Glaucio José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Padilha, Janine Carvalho. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana; BrasilFil: Zalazar, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Bosco, Marta Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Collins, Sebastián Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Arroyo, Pedro Augusto. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Engenharia Química.; Brasil22° Congresso Brasileiro de CatáliseBeto GoncalvezBrasilSociedade Brasileira de CatáliseUniversidad Federal de Río Grande del Sur. Instituto de Químic

Strategies for the Formation of Monolayers From Diazonium Salts: Unconventional Grafting Media, Unconventional Building Blocks

Pioneered by J. Pinson and coll. in 1990s, the reductive grafting of aryldiazonium salts has become a powerful method for surface functionalization. Highly robust interfaces result from this surface attachment, resistant to heat, chemical degradation and ultrasonication. Importantly, this approach can be applied to many materials, ranging from conducting, semi-conducting, oxides to insulating substrates. In addition, either massive, flat surfaces or nanomaterials can be functionalized. The method is easy to process and fast. The grafting process involves the formation of highly reactive aryl radicals able to attack the substrate. However, the generated radicals can also react with already-grafted aryl species, leading to the formation of loosely-packed polyaryl multilayer films, typically of 10–15 nm thick. It is thus highly challenging to control the vertical extension of the deposited layer and to form well-ordered monolayers from aryldiazonium salts. In this mini review, we briefly describe the different strategies that have been developed to prepare well-ordered monolayers. We especially focus on two strategies successfully used in our laboratories, namely the use of unconventional solvents, i.e., room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), as grafting media and the use of calixarene macrocycles by taking benefit of their pre-organized structure. These strategies give large possibilities for the structuring of interfaces with the widest choice of materials and highlight the potential of aryldiazonium grafting as a competitive alternative to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkyl thiols

Unveiling the mechanisms of carboxylic acid esterification on acid zeolites for biomass-to-energy: A review of the catalytic process through experimental and computational studies

In recent years, there has been significant interest from industrial and academic areas in the esterification of carboxylic acids catalyzed by acidic zeolites, as it represents a sustainable and economically viable approach to producing a wide range of high-value-added products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that address the intricate reaction mechanisms occurring at the catalyst interface at both the experimental and atomistic levels. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the esterification reaction on acidic zeolites based on experimental and theoretical studies. The combination of infrared spectroscopy with atomistic calculations and experimental strategies using modulation excitation spectroscopy techniques combined with phase-sensitive detection is presented as an approach to detecting short-lived intermediates at the interface of zeolitic frameworks under realistic reaction conditions. To achieve this goal, this review has been divided into four sections: The first is a brief introduction highlighting the distinctive features of this review. The second addresses questions about the topology and activity of different zeolitic systems, since these properties are closely correlated in the esterification process. The third section deals with the mechanisms proposed in the literature. The fourth section presents advances in IR techniques and theoretical calculations that can be applied to gain new insights into reaction mechanisms. Finally, this review concludes with a subtle approach, highlighting the main aspects and perspectives of combining experimental and theoretical techniques to elucidate different reaction mechanisms in zeolitic systems.Fil: Gomes, Glaucio José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; Argentina. Universidade Estadual de Maringá; . Universidade Federal Da Integração Latino-Americana; BrasilFil: Zalazar, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Carvalho Padilha, Janine. Universidade Federal Da Integração Latino-Americana; BrasilFil: Budke Costa, Michelle. Universidade Tecnologia Federal do Parana; BrasilFil: Bazzi, Claudio Leones. Universidade Tecnologia Federal do Parana; BrasilFil: Arroyo, Pedro Augusto. Universidade Estadual de Maringá