Acoustically and visually tracked drogue measurements of nearsurface water velocities in Lake Huron, plus observations of a coastal upwelling

During July and August of 1980 our research group measured nearsurface water velocities near the eastern coast of Lake Huron by tracking drogues using acoustic travel time and compass sighting techniques. The velocity fields appeared to consist of two components. These have been termed: a sub-current, which varied slowly with depth (compared to the deepest drogue depth of 5.2 m) and, in most cases, was apparently in geostrophic balance with the cross shore pressure gradient; and, a surface layer-current (defined by the relative velocity from deeper to shallower drogues) which decayed rapidly with depth and was directed nearly parallel with the wind and waves. There was no discernable relationship between wind speed and relative velocity. There was, however, a direct dependence of relative velocity with estimated surface roughness, suggesting that Stokes drift may have been primarily responsible for the shear. The magnitudes of the observed relative velocities were approximately equal to Stokes drift magnitudes calculated from representative wave energy spectra. Also reported are measurements of current and temperature structure made prior to and following a coastal upwelling.Prepared for the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-79EV10005 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Contract 03-5-022-26

PEMERIKSAAN KUAT TEKAN DAN MODULUS ELASTISITAS BETON BERAGREGAT KASAR BATU RINGAN APE DARI KEPULAUAN TALAUD

Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud memiliki kendala dalam pembangunan fisik yaitu dalam pembangunannya masih menggunakan agregat yang didatangkan dari luar daerah, sedangkan di Kepulauan ini terdapat batu Ape yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif bahan bangunan, serta mudah ditemukan hampir di semua aliran sungai Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan batu Ape sebagai agregat kasar dalam campuran beton.Bahan–bahan yang digunakan pada pembuatan beton adalah agregat kasar batu Ape berukuran 10 – 20 mm, agregat halus pasir dari sungai Bunne Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud, Pasir dari sungai Girian Kota Bitung, semen Portland Type I dan air bersih. Nilai FAS ditetapkan sebesar 0.61 sesuai dengan kuat tekan rencana 30 MPa. Masing – masing variasi tersebut dibuat sebanyak empat buah silinder ukuran standar (diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm). Pengujian slump dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat workability beton segar, pengujian dan pengukuran silinder beton pada umur 28 hari meliputi kuat tekan dan modulus elastisitas.Sifat – sifat mekanik beton non pasir pada umur 28 hari adalah, kuat tekan berkisar antara 7.0 MPa sampai 16.49 MPa, dimana pada variasi beton menggunakan pasir dari sungai Girian memiliki kuat tekan tertinggi. Nilai modulus elastisitas bervariasi antara 18527 MPa sampai 31119 MPa. Berat volume beton berkisar antara 1993 Kg/m3 sampai 2092 Kg/m3.Berdasarkan klasifikasi berat volume beton, beton beragregat kasar batu Ape tergolong pada beton normal.Kata kunci : Agregat batu Ape, proporsi campuran, beton normal

A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Abstract Background Upon cellular entry retroviruses must avoid innate restriction factors produced by the host cell. For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) human restriction factors, APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein-B-mRNA-editing-enzyme), p21 and tetherin are well characterised. Results To identify intrinsic resistance factors to HIV-1 replication we screened 19,121 human genes and identified 114 factors with significant inhibition of infection. Those with a known function are involved in a broad spectrum of cellular processes including receptor signalling, vesicle trafficking, transcription, apoptosis, cross-nuclear membrane transport, meiosis, DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and RNA processing. We focused on the PAF1 complex which has been previously implicated in gene transcription, cell cycle control and mRNA surveillance. Knockdown of all members of the PAF1 family of proteins enhanced HIV-1 reverse transcription and integration of provirus. Over-expression of PAF1 in host cells renders them refractory to HIV-1. Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses and HIV-2 are also restricted in PAF1 expressing cells. PAF1 is expressed in primary monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes and we demonstrate strong activity in MonoMac1, a monocyte cell line. Conclusions We propose that the PAF1c establishes an anti-viral state to prevent infection by incoming retroviruses. This previously unrecognised mechanism of restriction could have implications for invasion of cells by any pathogen.Published versio

Layered, Tunable Graphene Oxide-Nylon Heterostructures for Wearable Electrocardiogram Sensors

Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability.Comment: 7 main text and 4 supporting figures, under revie

QCD at finite chemical potential with six time slices

We investigate the Taylor expansion of the baryon number susceptibility, and hence, pressure, in a series in the baryon chemical potential (mu_B) through a lattice simulation with light dynamical staggered quarks at a finer lattice cutoff a=1/6T. We determine the QCD cross over coupling at mu_B=0. We find the radius of convergence of the series at various temeperatures, and bound the location of the QCD critical point to be T^E/T_c = 0.94 and mu_B^E/T < 1.8. We also investigate the extrapolation of various susceptibilities and linkages to finite chemical potential.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure

Computational approaches for modeling human intestinal absorption and permeability

Human intestinal absorption (HIA) is an important roadblock in the formulation of new drug substances. Computational models are needed for the rapid estimation of this property. The measurements are determined via in vivo experiments or in vitro permeability studies. We present several computational models that are able to predict the absorption of drugs by the human intestine and the permeability through human Caco-2 cells. The training and prediction sets were derived from literature sources and carefully examined to eliminate compounds that are actively transported. We compare our results to models derived by other methods and find that the statistical quality is similar. We believe that models derived from both sources of experimental data would provide greater consistency in predictions. The performance of several QSPR models that we investigated to predict outside the training set for either experimental property clearly indicates that caution should be exercised while applying any of the models for quantitative predictions. However, we are able to show that the qualitative predictions can be obtained with close to a 70% success rate