A Scalable Compact Model for the Static Drain Current of Graphene FETs

The main target of this article is to propose for the first time a physics-based continuous and symmetric compact model that accurately captures IV experimental dependencies induced by geometrical scaling effects for graphene transistor (GFET) technologies. Such a scalable model is an indispensable ingredient for the boost of large-scale GFET applications, as it has been already proved in solid industry-based CMOS technologies. Dependencies of the physical model parameters on channel dimensions, are thoroughly investigated, and semi?empirical expressions are derived, which precisely characterize such behaviors for an industry-based GFET technology, as well as for others developed in research labs. This work aims at the establishment of the first industry standard GFET compact model that can be integrated in circuit simulation tools and hence, can contribute to the update of GFET technology from the research level to massive industry production

Exploiting ambipolarity in graphene field-effect transistors for novel designs on high-frequency analog electronics

This work was funded by FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades through the Projects A-TIC-646-UGR20, B-RNM-375-UGR18 and P20_00633; by Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación under ENERGHENE Project No. P21_00149; and by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through the projects PID2020- 116518GB-I00 and PID2021-127840NB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/FEDER, UE). The authors also acknowledge the support by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation through the Project GrapheneCore3 under Grant Agreement No. 881603. F.P. acknowledges funding from PAIDI 2020 – European Social Fund Operational Programme 2014–2020 No. 20804. A.M. acknowledges the support of the MCIN/AEI/PTA grant, with reference PTA2020-018250-I. M.C.P. acknowledges the FPU program with reference FPU21/04904. A.P.-S. acknowledges the support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under Grant Agreement No. FJC2020-046213-I. E.R.-G. acknowledges the support from IPN Contract No. SIP/20230362. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA.Exploiting ambipolar electrical conductivity based on graphene field-effect transistors has raised enormous interest for high-frequency (HF) analog electronics. Controlling the device polarity, by biasing the graphene transistor around the vertex of the V-shaped transfer curve, enables to redesign and highly simplify conventional analog circuits, and simultaneously to seek for multifunctionalities, especially in the HF domain. This study presents new insights for the design of different HF applications such as power amplifiers, mixers, frequency multipliers, phase shifters, and modulators that specifically leverage the inherent ambipolarity of graphene-based transistors.FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades through the Projects A-TIC-646-UGR20, B-RNM-375-UGR18 and P20_00633Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación under ENERGHENE Project No. P21_00149MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through the projects PID2020- 116518GB-I00 and PID2021-127840NB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/FEDER, UE)European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation through the Project GrapheneCore3 under Grant Agreement No. 881603PAIDI 2020 – European Social Fund Operational Programme 2014–2020 No. 20804MCIN/AEI/PTA grant, with reference PTA2020-018250-IFPU21/04904Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under Grant Agreement No. FJC2020-046213-IIPN Contract No. SIP/20230362Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years